reactions of functional groups Flashcards
How do molecules react? Leads to…
constantly bumping into each other. most collisions dont result in a reaction but when they bump into each other they may combine and forma new bond
reaxctions only occur if …
2 molecules have enough energy to overcome the repulsion from the electron layer on a molecule
what is a common cause of orgnaic reactions?
attraction between a charged reagent + organic compound that has a dipole bond or molecule with a positive and negative end
similarly mols wiht lone pair can react as e- are attracted to s+ end
2 electrostatic attractions
charhed reagent and C=O dipole
lone pair and C=O dipole
e- donor
nucleophiile
e- acceptor
electrophile
electrons alway move…
rich to poor
curly arrow from - to +
what is neded for a new bond to form?
correct alignment of the 2 orbitals for a reaction
right amount of energy to interact profitably
what governs or dertermines overall profitability?
the distance of the energy levels of the 2 orbitals
what happends when atomic orbitals interact?
energy splits to produce 2 new MO’s, one above and one below the original
e- occupy the lower one and the more similar in energy the original orbials are the larger the energy gain is ans the stronger the reaction
what do nucleophiles react via?
non-bonding pairs of e- on a hetero atom (O, N, S, P)
the non-bonding e- in these molecules are ……. and are….. in energy than in bonded e-
SP3 and higher
why are anions better nucleophiles than neutral species?
on heteroatoms too
the HOMO of them will be higher in energy so better
simple alkene nucleophiles?
weakly nucleophillic and react with strong electrophiles ie Br+ or H+
what can the empty orbital in valence shell of boranes do?
accept e- from nucleophiles
