Reading Foundations Flashcards
(49 cards)
What factors influence second language acquisition?
Cognitive, linguistic, practical, and affective factors.
These factors interact in various ways to affect the time it takes to acquire a new language.
What are affective factors in second language acquisition?
Emotional factors that can affect a student’s ability to learn.
This includes self-esteem, inhibition, motivation, anxiety, and acculturation.
How does self-esteem relate to academic achievement?
There is a positive relationship between high self-esteem and academic achievement.
Higher self-esteem often leads to greater motivation and willingness to engage in learning.
What is inhibition in the context of language learning?
Inhibition discourages risk-taking, essential for language learning.
Lower inhibition can lead to faster acquisition of a new language.
What is intrinsic motivation?
A desire to learn driven by internal rewards rather than external ones.
Learners with high intrinsic motivation tend to achieve more.
What role does a low-anxiety environment play in language acquisition?
It increases the chance of language acquisition.
A supportive environment helps learners feel safe to practice their language skills.
Define acculturation in the context of language learning.
The desire to integrate into the culture of the target language speakers.
Higher levels of acculturation typically lead to greater language proficiency.
What cognitive factors affect language acquisition?
Intelligence and academic background.
A strong literacy development in the native language enhances the ability to learn additional languages.
How do linguistic factors affect second language learners?
Learners from the same language family have an easier time acquiring a new language.
For example, Spanish speakers may find it easier to learn French than English.
What practical factors influence language acquisition?
Length of time in the U.S. and age.
Increased exposure to native speakers and the age of the learner can significantly impact language development.
True or False: Children are generally believed to be better at language acquisition than adults.
True.
Children are less self-conscious and more willing to practice speaking.
What is culturally responsive reading instruction?
Instruction that promotes exposure to diverse texts and authors.
It aims to help students see themselves and others represented in literature.
What types of diversity should be reflected in classroom texts?
- Race and ethnicity
- Gender
- Socioeconomic status
- Ability
- Age
- National origin
A diverse representation helps students relate to the material.
What are universal themes in literature?
Common themes such as love, courage, friendship, and good versus evil.
These themes resonate across different cultures.
What considerations should teachers keep in mind when selecting culturally responsive texts?
- Diversity of cultures represented
- Cultural sensitivity
- Appropriateness for age and context
This ensures that texts are relevant and respectful to all students.
What are the components of language skills?
- Reading
- Writing
- Listening
- Speaking
- Higher levels of thinking
Integration of these skills is essential for language proficiency.
Define expressive uses of language.
Making sounds or writing with the intent to communicate.
Expressive language varies based on age, ability, and emotional state.
What are receptive uses of language?
Receiving messages through listening, reading, or viewing.
Active participation enhances comprehension.
What is dyslexia?
A learning disorder affecting reading, spelling, writing, and speaking.
Students with dyslexia often face challenges in phonological awareness and reading fluency.
List some early indicators of dyslexia.
- Delayed speech
- Difficulty with rhyming
- Difficulty pronouncing words
- Poor auditory memory
- Difficulty adding new words to vocabulary
These indicators can appear as early as preschool.
What are some effective literacy instruction strategies for students with dyslexia?
- Phonological awareness
- Sound-symbol association
- Syllabication
- Orthography
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Reading comprehension strategies
- Reading fluency
Structured and explicit instruction is crucial.
What is dysgraphia?
A language-based disorder affecting handwriting and written expression.
Children with dysgraphia may have messy handwriting and difficulty recalling orthographic patterns.
What are some accommodations for students with dysgraphia?
- Printed copies of notes
- Graph paper
- Audio recorders
- Assistive technology
These accommodations can help students manage their writing difficulties.
What are graphic organizers?
Tools to support reading comprehension, literary analysis, and writing.
They help students visualize and organize their thoughts.
