reading quiz 1

Question 1

The process of squiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus

Answer 2

habituates

Question 3

learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli or a response and its consequence.

Answer 3

associative learning

Question 4

any event or situation that evokes a response

Answer 4

stimulus

Question 5

a behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Answer 5

respondent behavior

Question 6

behavior that operates on the environment, producing concequences

Answer 6

operant behaviors

Question 7

the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others or through language

Answer 7

cognitive learning

Question 8

a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; the first stimulus comes to elicit behavior in anticipation of the second stimulus. THE DOGSSS

Answer 8

classical conditioning

Question 9

learning to repeat acts that bring rewards and avoid acts that bring unwanted results

Answer 9

operant conditioning

Question 10

Our minds naturally connecting events that occur in sequence

Answer 10

association

Question 11

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). credited towards watson

Answer 11

Behaviorism

Question 12

in classical conditioning, a stimulus elicits no response before conditioning.

Answer 12

neutral stimuli (NS)

Question 13

a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned stimulus)

Answer 13

conditioned response (CR)

Question 14

an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)

Answer 14

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 15

the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.

Answer 15

acquisition

Question 16

a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone.

Answer 16

higher-order conditioning

Question 17

the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced

Answer 17

extinction

Question 18

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Answer 18

spontaneous recovery

Question 19

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

Answer 19

generalization

Question 20

in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 20

discrimination

Question 21

learning by observing others (social learning)

Answer 21

observational learning

Question 22

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

Answer 22

modeling

Question 23

frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.

Answer 23

mirror neurons

Question 24

positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.

Answer 24

prosocial behaviors

Question 25

Observational learning may also have _____- effects. why abusive parents might have aggressive children or children who are lied to become more likely to cheat and lie.

Answer 25

antisocial

Question 26

If a model’s actions and words are ____, children may imitate the hypocrisy they observe.

Answer 26

inconsistent

Question 26

If a model’s actions and words are ____, children may imitate the hypocrisy they observe.

Answer 26

inconsistent