Reading studies Flashcards
(27 cards)
Which psychological factors did Hochbaum find to influence participation in medical screenings?
Perceived susceptibility to contracting tuberculosis.
Belief that tuberculosis can be asymptomatic.
Belief in the benefits of early detection through screening.
What theoretical model emerged from Hochbaum’s findings?
The Health Belief Model (HBM), which explains health behaviors based on individual beliefs about health conditions and available preventive actions.
In the Health Belief Model, what are ‘perceived barriers’?
Perceived barriers are an individual’s assessment of the obstacles to behavior change, such as cost, inconvenience, or fear, which can hinder participation in health programs.
How did Hochbaum define ‘psychological readiness’ for participating in health screenings?
A state influenced by personal beliefs about susceptibility, severity, and benefits, determining an individual’s preparedness to take health-related action
Why is ‘perceived severity’ important in influencing health behaviors?
Because individuals who believe a health condition has serious consequences are more likely to engage in preventive behaviors.
: According to Hochbaum’s findings, what strategies can increase participation in health screening programs?
Enhancing individuals’ perceptions of susceptibility and severity, emphasizing the benefits of early detection, and reducing perceived barriers to action
when are women more likely to obtain a mammography?
When they believe they are suseptible to breast cancer and that breast cancer is severe.
what barriers can deter women from a breast cancer screening?
perceived barriers such as fear, cost, and embarrassment can deter screening
Which beliefs are most strongly linked to getting a mammogram?
High perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, belief in the seriousness of the disease, belief in the benefits of early detection, and low perceived barriers.
What types of HBM-based interventions have improved screening rates?
Personalized counseling, telephone outreach, and community-based education that target specific beliefs—especially reducing perceived barriers and boosting self-efficacy.
What are ‘cues to action’ in the context of breast cancer screening?
Triggers like doctor reminders, media campaigns, or health scares that prompt women to schedule a mammogram.
How does self-efficacy affect whether someone gets screened?
Women who feel confident in their ability to schedule and undergo a mammogram are more likely to follow through with screening.
What was the goal of the “A Room with a Viewpoint” study?
To test whether appealing to social norms could increase towel reuse in hotel rooms, as a way to promote environmental conservation.
What was the “provincial norm” and how did it differ from the general norm?
The provincial norm referenced the specific room guests were staying in (e.g., “75% of guests in this room reused their towels”). This was even more effective than the general norm.
Why do social norm appeals work better than environmental appeals?
People are motivated to conform to perceived group behavior, especially when that group feels relevant or local to them.
What does this study suggest about promoting pro-environmental behavior?
Tailoring messages to highlight what others like the individual are doing (descriptive norms) can be a powerful and subtle way to influence behavior.
Which behaviors showed change among listeners of the Rwanda soap opera ?
Increased intermarriage, open dissent, trust, empathy, cooperation, and trauma healing discussions.
What role did group discussion play?
Group discussions and emotional engagement were key in reinforcing new social norms and behaviors.
: What does this study suggest about behavior change strategies? - rwanda
Targeting social norms can effectively change behaviors, even without altering personal beliefs.
What is the central thesis of “The Problem of Behaviour Change: From Social Norms to an Ingroup Focus”?
The article argues that effective behavior change interventions should focus on ingroup norms and social identity, rather than solely on general social norms.
According to the article, how do social norms impact individual behavior?
Social norms influence behavior when they are internalized as part of an individual’s social identity, especially when they align with ingroup norms.
How does social identity contribute to changing behaviors?
Social identity shapes behavior by aligning individual actions with the perceived norms and values of their ingroup.
Why are interventions based solely on general social norms potentially less effective?
Because they may not resonate with individuals’ ingroup identities, making the norms less influential on behavior.
What does the article recommend for creating effective behavior change strategies?
Interventions should engage with ingroup norms and social identities to ensure the desired behaviors are seen as normative within the group.
