preferences and descriptive norms Flashcards
(35 cards)
Social norms
standards of acceptable behavior
that are shared by members of a group.
Why do we conform to social norms?
It has evolved to help us;
1. To learn adaptive behaviours from others
2. learn how to coordinate/cooperate with others - migration and working together to hunt for animals
sharing norms
proactive norm
demand sharing
proactive sharing
common in the West
○ Giving to someone without them having to ask for anything
Demand sharing
common in many
traditional societies
○ When someone asks for something, you have
to give it to them
Individual Preferences
● “Dispositions to act in a particular way.”
● Not the same as “liking better”!
I may “like” cake more than ice cream, yet choose
ice cream because I have a gluten allergy
social preference
Preferences which take into account other
people, their behavior, beliefs, and what
affects them
I may “like” cake more than ice cream, yet choose
ice cream because my partner has a gluten
allergy, and I don’t want to make them sad.
what is the difference between an attitude and preference?
attitude tells us how people feel or evaluate soemthing but prefernce explain why people are motivated to do something
reference network
The people whom we care about when we
are making decisions about how to act.
are refernce groups to similar to us
yes
descriptive norms
Beliefs about which behaviours are
typically performed, to which people
conform
what was the CLTS approach to reducing open defecation?
they did an intervention in groups
using triggering events and emotional language - like making them feel shame and disgust - ppl had to say where they had been defecating
what prise did people get for stopping OD?
When a community reaches a threshold of latrine
coverage, without visible signs of OD:
■ They are awarded “open-defecation-free” (ODF)
status from local authorities
■ Sometimes with an official celebration
what is CLTS trying to change?
descriptive norms
CLTS in Ghana findings?
CLTS at test sites had a lot larger latrine coverage
suggests CLTS was effective in Gahna
descriptive norm question in CLTS Gahna study?
How many of your relatives within your community
constructed their own latrines?
○ How many members of your community constructed
their own latrines
was knowledge related to CLTS intervention working?
NOOOOOOO
was BELIEFS ABOUT BENEFITS related to CLTS intervention working?
NO
was the BELIEFS ABOUT SUSEPTIBILITY related to the CLTS intervention working?
Participants who believed that they were
susceptible to diarrheal disease were more likely to
construct toilets
○ But, these beliefs weren’t affected by CLTS
did CLTS improve attitudes about toilets?
NO they reduced positive attitudes
does CLTS change self efficacy
yes - people who felt like they could build and maintain a latrine were more likely to build one
did descriptive norms change in CLTS study?
Descriptive norms
○ Participants who believed that many others built
latrines were more likely to build their own.
○ And, CLTS increased participants’ beliefs that many
others built latrines!
● Suggests that CLTS may also work in part by
changing Descriptive Norms.
what did the mediation analysis find about the effectiveness about self efficacy and descriptive norms?
Self Efficacy
○ Partially, but not fully mediates
the effectiveness of CLTS for
increasing toilet construction
● Descriptive Norms
○ Fully mediates the
effectiveness of CLTS for
increasing toilet construction
why was Sweden’s road switch transition so smooth?
They had a very strong public media campaign
