Readings Main Ideas Flashcards
DeNardis - Five Features of Global IG
1- Arrangements of technical architecture as arrangements of power
* Social practices, Norms, conventions, institutions,
* Tech is not neutral, we constantly reshape it
* Link to Lessig’s shaping of tech
2- Internet Governance infrastructure as a proxy for content control
*Private companies, States, etc.
* How content control can arise in different ways.
* State Censorship and Control
* Terms and conditions, different platforms
* But also, Traditional actors losing control over info
* Activists being based outside
3- Privatisation of internet governance
* Strong roles for private corp
* Technical and political
4- Internet control points as sites of global conflict over competing values
* Control points not used to further democracy and HR
* Surveillance, additional control
* Root servers of domain names as control points
5- Regional geopolitics vs. collective action problems of internet globalisation
* Regime complex (Radu)
* Isolated policies, but interconnections
* Local actions can have global effects
* Nigeria not dealing with scams cause they don’t target Nigerians
Coeckelbergh - AI Responsibility
Under Denardis Features: 1, 2, 4
1- The responsibility of AI should be attributed to the humans who designed them, not the systems themselves
2- Explainability of AI is important to Responsibility attribution, but as a relational concept, not a technical one.
3- AI should be developed in a way to be understood by the people affected by their actions, not only experts
4- Ethical implications should be considered from development to deployment to retirement of AI
5- Need for a more context-sensitive approach to AI Governance taking into consideration the ethical implications
Helberger, Pierson - Governing online platforms
Under Denardis Features: 1, 2, 4
1- Online platforms have become integral in our daily lives
2- Current legal frameworks are inadequate to deal with the uniqueness of online platforms
3- There is a need for a new approach to regulating online platforms based on cooperation between platforms, corporations, and civil society
4- Approach based on transparency and accountability
5- The success of this new approach depends on understanding the shared responsibilities of these platforms
Roberts - Distraction and Diversion inside China’s Great Firewall
Under Denardis Features: 1, 2,
1- The Chinese Government’s Great firewall does not only block access, but distracts citizens and to create a closed information ecosystem
2- It create a narrative of national unity and positive image of the gov to divert the citizens’ attention from sensitive issues
3- Theory of Censorship:
*Fear: punishment
*Friction: restriction and blocks
*Flooding: distraction
Obendiek - Take Back Control?
Under Denardis Features: 1, 4, 5
1- EU’s current approach to digital sovereignty is problematic, it has drawbacks and not well-defined
2- EU’s current strategy for Internet Governance is not consistent, and it lacks a clear vision
3- EU should focus on Breaking up the monopolies of tech companies and invest in public infrastructures
4- EU should develop global strategies, and not get caught up between US and China
5- EU should develop a digital future that aligns with European Values
Van Raemdonck, Meyer - Why Disinformation is Here to Stay (Hybrid Threat)
Under Denardis Features: 2, 3, 4
1- Hybrid threats: Combination of threats that undermine democratic states
1- Disinformation is a hybrid threat, and needs a hybrid solution
2- Technology is a force multiplier as it opens new ways for disinformation
3- Incentives: Foreign influence, Political influence, Lucrative intentions, ideological intention
4- Platforms amplify disinformation, their efforts are uncoordinated
5- Disinformation is not just a threat, but a vulnerability in democratic societies
Lessig - Shaping tech vs Shaping through tech
Under Denardis Features: 1, 3, 4
Shaping tech - Technology is constantly shaped by laws, architectures, markets, and norms
Shaping through tech - Technology constantly shaped society (Tech determinism?)
Societies can respond to tech by shaping it or by being shaped by it
Internet Society -
Under Denardis Features: All
1- 3 Main IG Implication serving SDGs:
* Multistakeholder appraoch
* Open Access, Interoperability,
* Collaborative security appraoch
2- ICT in SDGs: Access, Economic Growth, Education, Gender Equality, Environment
Radu - Negotiating Internet Governance
- From Who to Govern to How to govern (Beyond Barlow)
- New tech made the debate over who and how to govern more complex
- Many different groups are trying to set rules for governance
- Many debates around governing principles, conditions, and values
- Informal debates resulted in some conventions
- Other than that, it has been politics as usual
