rebellions and civil unrest Flashcards
(31 cards)
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
A movement led by Hong Xiuquan proclaiming to be the brother of Jesus Christ, occurring between 1850 and 1864.
What were the main reasons for the Taiping Rebellion?
Economic conditions worsened by heavy government taxation and nationalist resentment against the Manchu rule.
Who were the Taiping and what did they aim to establish?
Initially a movement of Hakka people in Guangdong aiming to establish a communist society based on equality and shared ownership.
By 1860, how large did the Taiping army grow?
The Taiping army grew to about half a million soldiers.
What was the peak population under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom?
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ruled over 30 million people in southern China.
Fill in the blank: The Taiping takeover of Nanjing was marked by the _______ of 30,000 Manchu prisoners.
execution
What was a key reason for the failure of the Taiping Rebellion?
The alienation of many Chinese due to the brutality of Taiping methods.
What was the Tianjin Incident?
A conflict in 1856 between Yuan Xinqing and Hong Xiuquan that weakened Taiping unity.
What was the response of the Manchu government to the Taiping Rebellion?
The Manchu government showed resolution in suppressing the rebellion with support from Britain and France (including the generals Frederick Ward, Charles Gordon and August Protet)
What were the years of the Panthay Rebellion?
1856 - 1873
What was the main focus of the Dungan Rebellion?
A confused set of local struggles involving rival groups of Muslims and Han Chinese.
What did the Xinhai Revolution lead to?
The end of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China.
What significant event occurred on February 12, 1912?
The edict of abdication of the six-year-old Xuantong Emperor was promulgated.
When was The May Fourth Movement?
1919-1927
What sparked the May Fourth Movement?
The rejection of China’s demands in the Treaty of Versailles.
How did the 4th May Movement begin?
3000 students from Beijing University gathered in Tiananmen, shouting “Don’t sign the Treaty of Versailles”
What was the role of professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao during the May Fourth Movement?
They encouraged students to challenge traditional ideas of Confucianism and embrace science and democracy.
What years did the Cultural Revolution occur?
1966 - 1976
What was the outcome of the May Fourth Movement regarding Chinese delegates at the Paris Peace talks?
Chinese delegates were dismissed by the government at Paris Peace Talks and refused to sign the peace treaty.
Fill in the blank: The national flag adopted after the Xinhai Revolution was known as the _______.
Five Races Under One Union
How were the Taiping defeated
The Qing forces were organised by Zheng Guofan and drew on the expertise of foreigners mercenaries, including Charles Gordon, were able to seize Shanghai in 1860 and 1862, but only fully overcome 3 years later
What was the main focus of the Panthay rebellion?
A movement against Qing oppression towards Muslims
Where was the Panthay Rebellion?
Yunnan
How was the Panthay rebellion suppressed?
with French assistance and pressure on internal divisions
