red algae

Question 1

Pit plugs

Answer 1

primary pit connection and secondary pit conections

–b/w adjacent cells in many species

Question 2

primary pit connections

Answer 2

formed b/w two cells during cell division (sister cells) ; gap left behind by incomplete division and ER condenses in gap forming plug

Question 3

secondary pit connections

Answer 3

formed when two cells fuse (non sister cells) because cell walls are soft

Question 4

Phycobilins

Answer 4

Phycobilins provide means for chromatic adaptation

Red alga can grow at greater depths than other algae because blue and green light penetrate farthest into water

Question 5

Few are heterotrophic parasites but only on other red algae

Answer 5

Adelphoparasites
Alloparasites

Parasite connects to host via secondary pit connections, transferring its nucleus to host, causing host cell to enlarge and increase in cytoplasmic content
Products of photosynthesis are transferred from host to parasite

Question 6

adelphoparasites

Answer 6

closely related to hosts

Question 7

alloparasites

Answer 7

not closely related to hosts

Question 8

asexual

Answer 8

formation of nonflagellated monospores on gametophyte and tetrasporophyte

Question 9

sexual

Answer 9

triphasic lifecycle with isomorphic or heteromorphoic haplodiplontic alternation of generations
-oogamous

Question 10

ooagomous

Answer 10

male and female non flagellated

Question 11

triphasic

Answer 11

compensation for lack of motility, serving to enhanve reproductive fecundity
gametophyte
carposporophyte
tetrasporophyte

Question 12

gametophyte

Answer 12

N

• monoecious or dioecious
• male produces spermatia
• female tip has carpogonium and trichogyne
• fertilization = carposporophyte

Question 13

carposporophyte

Answer 13

• 2N
• produces 2N carpospores by mitosis
• carpospores germinate and produce tetrasporophyte

Question 14

tetrasporophyte

Answer 14

produced N tetraspore by meosis

-tetraspores germiante to gorm gametophyte

Question 15

Similarities to Ascomycete Fungi

Answer 15

Ascomycotina = “sac fungi”
Nonmotile spermatia and the trichogynes occur in
Ascomycetes and many red algae
Resemblance between diploid carposporophyte of some Rhodophyta and the ascogenous hyphae of Ascomycetes
Thickening occurs in cross-walls of red algae and Ascomycetes
Several species of Rhodophyta have lost their pigmentation making them parasitic, like fungi

Question 16

monoecious

Answer 16

both male and female organs in same individual

Question 17

dioecious

Answer 17

both male and female organs in different indivials

Question 18

Mucilages extracted from cell walls (agar and carrageenan)

Answer 18

Thickeners and stabilizers in food (ice cream, cheese, pudding, etc.)
Pharmaceuticals
Microbiological growth medium