Reduced Range of Movement Flashcards
(10 cards)
What structures contribute to normal synovial joint movement?
Ligaments, capsule, cartilage, tendons, fascia, synovium, muscles, skin, bone, subcutaneous tissue, and neurological control.
What are common causes of reduced range of movement (ROM)?
Trauma, immobility, chronic disease, chronic pain, cardiorespiratory conditions, and ageing.
What is the difference between hypomobility and hypermobility?
Hypomobility is reduced passive ROM, while hypermobility is excessive ROM, which may be pathological or incidental.
What are the mechanical properties of dense connective tissues like tendons and ligaments?
They are highly organised, strong along lines of stress, and resistant to tensile forces.
How does viscoelasticity influence connective tissue response to stretching?
It determines how tissue resists and adapts to lengthening based on elastin, collagen, proteoglycans, and water content.
What early physiological changes occur in connective tissue due to immobility?
Reduced collagen, water, GAGs, and alignment; increased cross-linking; leading to stiffness and contracture.
What are the late physiological changes in connective tissue from immobility?
Fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblasts, dense disorganised collagen, adhesions, fibrocartilage, and ossification.
What happens to intra-articular cartilage with immobility?
Reduced water and GAGs, ECM thinning, and fibro-fatty tissue proliferation causing adhesions and nutrient loss.
How does immobility affect bone tissue?
Increases bone resorption, reduces bone mineral density and mechanical strength, increasing fracture risk.
What changes occur in muscle during immobility?
Muscle atrophy, sarcomere loss, and connective tissue proliferation leading to adaptive shortening and stiffness.
