Reference Values

Question 1

Hba1c (in mmol/mol)

Answer 1

For diabetics: (48 is 6.5%)
- ideal is 42-53
- acceptable is 53-58
- less than 42 risks hypoglycaemia
For regular pt:
- less than 42

Question 2

Blood pressure target ranges

Answer 2

If age is less than 80:
- Clinical BP of <140/90
- ABPM/HBPM of <135/85

If age is more than 80:
- Clinical BP of <150/90
- ABPM/HBPM of <145/85

Question 3

Cholesterol in mmol/L

Answer 3

LDL equal to or less than 4
HDL for males more than 1, females more than 1.2
Total 4:1 for normal pt and 3:1 for high risk

Question 4

GFR

Answer 4

> 90 class 1
89-60 class 2
59-45 class 3a
44-30 class 3b
29-15 class 4
<15 kidney failure/5

Question 5

Ferritin in mcg/L

Answer 5

Low is <15
Borderline is 16-40
Normal is 40-400
High is >400

Question 6

Serum iron in mcg/dL or micromol/L (SI unit)

Answer 6

Male is 80-180 or 14-32
Female is 60-160 or 11-29

Question 7

COPD FEV ratio

Answer 7

Below 0.5 means ICS required
OR more than 2 exacerbations in a year
OR more than 1 exacerbations that require hospitalisation.

Question 8

Haemoglobin

Answer 8

Male 130 - 170 g/L
Female 120 - 150 g/L

Question 9

Blood Glucose monitoring

Answer 9

4-7mmol/L - FBG
5-9mmol/L - post prandial

Question 10

Sodium

Answer 10

135-145mmol/L (having low sodium is much worse than having high)

Question 11

Potassium

Answer 11

3.5-5.3mmol/L (having high potassium is a big problem)

Question 12

Diagnosing DM2/Hyperglycaemia

Answer 12

if FBG is persistently above 7mmol/L diagnose for DM if HbA1c is uninterpretable

=>6.5%/48mmol/mol, >11mmol/L random, >7mmol/L FBG = hyperglycaemia