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BMSc anatomy > regional gross anatomy 2 > Flashcards

regional gross anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

A

7

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2
Q

how many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

A

12

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3
Q

how many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

A

5

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4
Q

how many vertebrae are in the sacral region?

A

5 fused vertebrae that form the sacrum

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5
Q

how many vertebrae are in the coccygeal region?

A

3-5 fused vertebrae that form the coccyx

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6
Q

what is a primary curvature of the spine?

A

a curvature the same as seen in development

kyphotic curvature

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7
Q

what is a secondary curvature?

A

develops after birth as the foetus extends from the flexed foetal position

lordotic curvature

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8
Q

what are the 4 principal curvatures of the spine?

A

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

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9
Q

what are lateral curvatures of the spine called?

A

scoliosis

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10
Q

what is a postural curvature of the spine?

A

disappears when posture is corrected e.g. sitting over a desk

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11
Q

what is a pathological curvature of the spine?

A

never resolves

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12
Q

how is the vertebral arch connected to the body of the vertebra?

A

by the pedicle on either side

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13
Q

what do the 2 pedicles form?

A

the laminae

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14
Q

what is the spinous process composed of?

A

the laminae uniting in the midline

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15
Q

where is the spinal cord found and how is this space formed?

A

found in the vertebral foramen

vertebral foramen formed by the space between the body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch

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16
Q

what makes C1 / atlas atypical?

A

no body or spinous processes

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17
Q

what makes C2 / axis atypical?

A

dens / odontoid process that projects up from the body

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18
Q

what is the unique feature of the spinous process in the cervical vertebrae?

A

it is bifid so as it reaches the distal end it splits in 2

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19
Q

what is the unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

there are costal facets for the articulations w/ the ribs

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20
Q

what is the shape of the body of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

massive kidney shaped body

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21
Q

what is the unique feature of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

there are accessory processes on the transverse processes

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22
Q

what type of joints are found between vertebral bodies?

A

secondary cartilaginous

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23
Q

what type of joints are found between articular processes?

A

synovial plane joints

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24
Q

what type of joints are found between articular processes?

A

synovial plane joints

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25
Q

what are the joints between articular processes called?

A

zygapophyseal joints

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26
Q

what are the 2 distinct components of the IV disc?

A

annulus fibrosis around the margin
nucleus pulposus in the middle

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27
Q

what is the function of the nucleus pulpous?

A

allows the IV disc to change shape and accommodate movements of the vertebral column

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28
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the back?

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapulae

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29
Q

where does trapezius attach?

A

nuchal ligament
spinous processes from C7-T12

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30
Q

what is the function of trapezius?

A

acts to rotate the scapula

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31
Q

what innervates trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN11)

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32
Q

where does latissimus dorsi attach?

A

to the spinous processes of T7-T12

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33
Q

what innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) - from brachial plexus

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34
Q

where does rhomboid major lie in relation to rhomboid minor?

A

inferior to rhomboid minor

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35
Q

where does rhomboid major attach?

A

spinous processes of T2-T5

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36
Q

what innervates rhomboid major and minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

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37
Q

what is the function of both rhomboid muscles?

A

both act to retract the scapula (pull it closer to the midline)

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38
Q

where does rhomboid minor attach?

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1

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39
Q

where does levator scapulae attach?

A

to the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

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40
Q

what is the function of levator scapulae?

A

raise the scapula

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41
Q

what innervates levator scapulae?

A

cervical spinal nerves C3,4 and dorsal scapular nerve C4,5

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42
Q

what are the intermediate extrinsic muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

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43
Q

where does serrates posterior superior attach?

A

to the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3

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44
Q

where does serrates posterior inferior attach?

A

to the spinal processes of T11-L2

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45
Q

what is serratus posterior superior innervated by?

A

intercostal nerves 2-5

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46
Q

what is the function of serratus posterior superior?

A

assist in raising the upper ribs

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47
Q

what is the function of serratus posterior inferior?

A

assist in lowering the lower ribs

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48
Q

what is the innervation of serratus posterior inferior?

A

anterior rami of T9-T12

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49
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

the deep back muscles (muscles of the back proper)

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50
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

to maintain posture and control the movement of the vertebral column

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51
Q

how are the intrinsic muscles of the back divided?

A

superficial layer
intermediate layer
deep layer

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52
Q

what is the superficial layer of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

only found in the cervical region
contains splenius muscles

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53
Q

what is the intermediate layer of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

run the entire length of the back
erector spinae group

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54
Q

what is the deep layer of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

many small muscles

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55
Q

what are the 2 splenius muscles?

A

splenius captius and splenius cervicus

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56
Q

where do the splenius muscles attach?

A

along the nuchal ligament and to the spinous processes of C7-T3/4

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57
Q

where do splenius captius fibres attach?

A

to the mastoid process and to the lateral 1/3rd of the superior nuchal line of the skull

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58
Q

where do splenius crevicis fibres attach?

A

transverse processes of C1-C3/4

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59
Q

what are the 3 muscles that make up the erector spinae group / intermediate muscles intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

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60
Q

what are the 3 parts that iliocostalis is broken down into?

A

lumborum
thoracis
cervicus

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61
Q

what are the 3 parts that longissimus is broken down into?

A

thoracis
cervicus
capitis

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62
Q

what are the 3 parts that spinalis is broken down into?

A

thoracis
cervicus
capitis

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63
Q

what are the muscles of the deep intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores
levato costarum
interspinale
intertransversearii

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64
Q

what are the 3 parts that semispinalis is broken into?

A

thoracis
cervicus
capitis

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65
Q

what is the function of levator costarum?

A

assists in raising the ribs

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66
Q

where are intertransversarii muscles found?

A

in between transverse processes

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67
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the back covered by?

A

thoracolumbar fascia

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68
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the vertebral arch?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament

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69
Q

where does the anterior longitudinal ligament run from / to?

A

from the base of the skull down to the sacrum

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70
Q

what is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

limit extension of the vertebral column

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71
Q

where does the posterior longitudinal ligament run from / to?

A

from C2 to the sacrum

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72
Q

what is the main function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

to prevent posterior herniation of the IV disc into the vertebral canal?

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73
Q

where does the ligamentum flavum run?

A

connecting laminae of adjacent vertebrae

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74
Q

what are the 3 functions of ligamentum flavum?

A

help maintain the curvatures of the spine
reinforce the wall of the vertebral canal posteriorly
limit flexion

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75
Q

what do interspinous ligaments connect?

A

adjacent spinous processes

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76
Q

what is the supraspinous ligament continuous with superiorly?

A

the nuchal ligament

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77
Q

what is the function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

helps limit flexion of the vertebral column

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78
Q

what do inter transverse ligaments connect?

A

adjacent transverse processes

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78
Q

what is the nuchal ligament?

A

a broad ligament important in the site of muscle attachment and also limits flexion

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79
Q

explain the course of the spinal cord?

A

begins at the foramen magnum and ends at L1/2

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79
Q

what is the medullary cone?

A

the narrowing of the spinal cord as it reaches its caudal end

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80
Q

what are the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

cervical enlargement - C4-T1
lumbosacral enlargement - L1-S3

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81
Q

nerves asssoc w/ what area of body leave the spinal cord at the cervical enlargement?

A

nerves assoc w/ the upper limb

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82
Q

nerves assoc w/ what area of the body leave the spinal cord at the lumbosacral enlargement?

A

nerves assoc w/ the lower limb

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83
Q

how are cervical spinal nerves named and what is the exception to this rule?

A

named based on the vertebrae below

except C8 - there is no C8 vertebrae and so spinal nerve C8 emerges below C7

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84
Q

below C8 how are the spinal nerves named?

A

of the vertebra of the same number

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85
Q

what is the caudal equina?

A

a collection of spinal nerves that run below the end of the spinal cord

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86
Q

what is the filum terminale?

A

the remnant of the caudal part of the spinal cord composed of coverings of the cord (esp Pia mater)

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87
Q

what are the 2 spinal meninges?

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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88
Q

what is the dural root sheath?

A

the dural covering of the initial part of the spinal nerves

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89
Q

what are the features of dura mater?

A

tough outer protective covering

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90
Q

how is the dura mater attached to the coccyx?

A

via the hilum terminale

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91
Q

where is the epidural space between?

A

the bone of the vertebrae and the dura mater

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92
Q

what is the epidural space filled w/?

A

epidural fat

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93
Q

what are the features of the arachnoid mater?

A

delicate membrane lining the dura
lies directly on the dura

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94
Q

what is the subarachnoid space?

A

the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

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95
Q

what is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

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96
Q

what is the lumbar cistern?

A

enlargement of the subarachnoid space around the conus medullaris at L2-S2

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97
Q

what are arachnoid trabeculae?

A

extension of the arachnoid mater that connect the arachnoid mater to the deep pia mater

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98
Q

what is the pia mater?

A

a thin layer closely assoc w/ the spinal cord

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99
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments?

A

extensions that form on the lateral sides of the pia mater

100
Q

what are the 3 vessels that provide arterial supply to the spinal cord?

A

1 anterior spinal artery
2 posterior spinal arteries

101
Q

what are the smaller arteries that supply the nerve roots called?

A

radicular arteries

102
Q

describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord

A

3 anterior spinal veins
3 posterior spinal veins

103
Q

what are the smaller veins that drain the nerve roots called?

A

radicular veins

104
Q

where is the vertebral venous plexus found?

A

in the epidural space

105
Q

what are the bones of the pectoral girdle and glenohumeral joint?

A

scapula
clavicle
humerus

106
Q

what are the features of the shoulder joint?

A

high range of mobility
low stability

107
Q

where do all rotator uff muscles except subscapularis insert?

A

into the greater tubercle

108
Q

where does subscapularis insert?

A

into the lesser tubercle

109
Q

what creates the bicipital groove?

A

the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

110
Q

where does the clavicle pass between?

A

the sternum and the scapula

111
Q

what type of joint is the glemohumeral joint?

A

a synovial ball and socket joint

112
Q

blood supply to the glenohumeral joint is from where?

A

subclavian artery

113
Q

where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

as it emerges from beneath the clavicle and passes over the surface of the first rib

114
Q

which 2 things pass through the quadrangular space?

A

axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery

115
Q

which 2 things pass through the triangular space?

A

radial nerve
profunda brachii artery (aka deep brachial artery)

116
Q

in relation to the glenohumeral joint, what are the 2 functions of pectorals major?

A

flexion of the arm
adduction of the arm

117
Q

what is the innervation of pectoralis major?

A

median pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)

118
Q

in relation to the glenohumeral joint, what are the 2 functions of pectoralis minor?

A

pull scapula forwards
stabilise the shoulder in movement of the upper limb

119
Q

what is the innervation of pectoralis minor?

A

median pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

120
Q

what is the function of serratus anterior?

A

protraction of the scapula (move the scapula away from the midline)

121
Q

what is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)

122
Q

what are the 3 functions of trapezius?

A

elevate the scapula
depress the scapula
retract the scapula

123
Q

what is the motor innervation of trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN11)

124
Q

what is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

125
Q

what are the 2 functions of levator scapulae?

A

raise the scapula
lateral flexion of the neck

126
Q

what is the innervation of levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C3,4,5)

127
Q

explain abduction of the arm

A

the first 10 degrees are carried out by supraspinatus (one of the rotator cuff muscles)

the remaining 110 degrees is carried out by the deltoid muscle (mainly the middle fibres)

128
Q

what is the common insertion point of the deltoid?

A

the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (all the deltoid fibres come together here)

129
Q

what is the function of the deltoid fibres that attach at the clavicle?

A

flex the arm

130
Q

what is the function of the deltoid fibres that attach at the spine of the scapula?

A

extend the arm

131
Q

what innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

the axilllary nerve (C5,6)

132
Q

where is the cephalic vein found?

A

in a small groove that sits between the deltoid muscle and the pectoralis major muscle (deltopectoral groove)

133
Q

is teres major part of the rotator cuff?

A

no

134
Q

where in relation to teres minor does teres major attach on the scapula?

A

inferior to teres minor

135
Q

what is the function of teres major?

A

draw the arm closer to the body

136
Q

what is the innervation of teres major?

A

subscapular branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5,6)

137
Q

where does subclavicus lie?

A

between the undersurface of the clavicle and the first rib

138
Q

what is the innervation of subclavicus?

A

nerve to subclavicus (C5,6)

139
Q

what is the main function of the rotator cuff?

A

prevent dislocation of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa

140
Q

where is the most common shoulder dislocation and why?

A

anterior inferior

because the rotator cuff covers the joint capsule except at the most inferior aspect where a small gap remains and so the most common dislocation is through this gap

141
Q

what is the only rotator cuff muscle that lies on the anterior surface of the scapula?

A

subscapularis

all other rotator cuff muscles lie on the posterior surface

142
Q

what is the only rotator cuff muscle that attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

subscapularis

all other rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tubercle

143
Q

what is the function of subscapularis?

A

medially rotate the arm

144
Q

what innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

A

supraclavicular nerve (C5,6)

145
Q

where does supraspinatus sit?

A

in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

146
Q

where does infraspinatus sit?

A

in the infraspinous fossa of the scapula

147
Q

what innervates teres minor?

A

axillary nerve (C5,6)

148
Q

which muscle is enclosed in the clavipectoral fascia?

A

pectorlais minor

149
Q

where does the clavipectoral fascia run from / to?

A

runs from the clavicle to blend w/ the fascia in the floor of the axilla

150
Q

which 3 structures pierce the clavipectoral fascia?

A

cephalic vein - as it enters the axilla to join the axillary vein

thoracoacromial artery - as it leaves the axilla to supply the body wall

lateral pectoral nerve - as it leaves the axilla to supply pectoralis minor w/ motor innervation

151
Q

when does the axillary vein become the axillary vein?

A

when it crosses the inferior margin of teres major

152
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

when it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

153
Q

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

as it passes over the inferior border of teres major

154
Q

how many branches of the first part of the axillary artery are there and what are they?

A

1 - superior thoracic artery

155
Q

how many branches of the second part of the axillary artery are there and what are they?

A

2 - thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

156
Q

how many branches of the third part of the axillary artery are there and what are they?

A

3 - sub scapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior humeral artery

157
Q

what are the 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes?

A

humeral
pectoral
subscapular
central apical

158
Q

where does the brachial plexus lie?

A

in the axilla

159
Q

where do the fibres of the brachial plexus originate from?

A

C5-T1 nerve roots

160
Q

what are the nerve roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

161
Q

what is the nerve root for the middle trunk pf the brachial plexus?

A

C7

162
Q

what are the nerve roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

163
Q

do the middle and inferior trunks of the brachial plexus give rise to nerves

A

no

164
Q

C5 root of the brachial plexus along with C3 and C4 give rise to what nerve?

A

the phrenic nerve

165
Q

what component of the thoracodorsal nerve originates from the brachial plexus?

A

C5

166
Q

which nerve is derived directly from C5-7 of the brachial plexus?

A

the long thoracic nerve

167
Q

name 3 terminal branches of the anterior division of the brachial plexus?

A

musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerve

168
Q

name 1 terminal branch of the posterior division of the brachial plexus?

A

the radial nerve

169
Q

the lateral cord of the brachial plexus contains fibres from which nerve roots?

A

C5-7

170
Q

the lateral cord of the brachial plexus is derived from which trunks?

A

superior and middle trunks

171
Q

the posterior cord of the brachial plexus contains fibres from which nerve roots?

A

C5-T1

172
Q

the posterior cord of the brachial plexus is derived from where?

A

the posterior divisions from all trunks

173
Q

the medial cord of the brachial plexus contains fibres from which nerve roots?

A

C8-T1

174
Q

the medial cord of the brachial plexus is a continuation of which trunk?

A

the inferior trunk

175
Q

what is the branch of the lateral cord?

A

the lateral pectoral nerve

176
Q

explain the course of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

it gives off the lateral pectoral nerve before continuing onto become the musculocutaneous nerve and then gives its contribution to the median nerve

177
Q

explain the course of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

it forms the subscapualr nerve and the thoracodorsal nerve before forming its terminal branches of the axillary nerve and the radial nerve

178
Q

explain the course of the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

it gives off the medial pectoral nerve and 2 cutaneous nerves to the arm before forming the ulnar nerve and giving its contribution to the median nerve

179
Q

the median nerve is formed from which 2 cords?

A

the medial cord and the lateral cord

180
Q

what compartment of the arm and forearm is the extensor compartment?

A

the posterior compartment

181
Q

what compartment of the arm and forearm is the flexor compartment?

A

the anterior compartment

182
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)

183
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis

184
Q

where does the short head of biceps brachii originate from?

A

coracoid process of the scapula

185
Q

where does the long head of biceps brachii originate from?

A

supraglenoid fossa of the scapula

186
Q

where does the tendon of biceos brachii insert?

A

onto the radial tuberosity

187
Q

what are the 2 functions of biceps brachii?

A

supination of the forearm - it is the most powerful supinator of the forearm

flexion of the elbow

188
Q

what is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

189
Q

where does coracobrachialis originate from?

A

the coracoid process of the scapula

190
Q

which 2 things origionate from the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

the short head of biceps brachii
coracobrachialis

191
Q

where does coracobrachialis insert?

A

into the medial aspect of the shaft of the humerus

192
Q

what is the innervation of corachobrachialis?

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

193
Q

what are the 2 functions of corachobrachialis?

A

flexion of the arm
adduction of the arm

194
Q

where does brachialis originate from?

A

the humerus

195
Q

where does brachialis insert?

A

onto the ulnar tuberosity

196
Q

what is the main function of brachialis?

A

flexion of the elbow - it is the workhorse in flexion of the elbow

197
Q

explain the innervation of brachialis

A

mainly innervated by musculocuatneous nerve but a small component innervated by the radial nerve

198
Q

what muscle fills the extensor compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

199
Q

what are the 3 heads of triceps brachii?

A

long head
lateral head
medial head

200
Q

where doe the long head of triceps brachii origionate?

A

from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

201
Q

where do the lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii origionate?

A

the humerus

202
Q

where do all 3 heads of triceps brachii insert?

A

into olecranon process of the ulna via a common tendon

203
Q

what is the innervation of triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

204
Q

what is the function of triceps brachii?

A

extension of the elbow joint

205
Q

what are the 3 anastomaosis between the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

deep carpal arch
deep palmar arch
superficial palmar

206
Q

where is the common flexor origin?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

207
Q

where is the common extensor origin?

A

lateral epidoncdule of the humerus

208
Q

what articulations form the elbow joint?

A

the rounded capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius with the trochlea of the humerus and ulna

209
Q

the posterior surface of the humerus provides attachment for which 2 muscles?

A

triceps brachia and anconaeus

210
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A

a depression on the anterior surface of the elbow joint

211
Q

what forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

brachialis

212
Q

what forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis

213
Q

what forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres

214
Q

at the cubital fossa there is communication between which 2 veins?

A

cephalic and basilic

215
Q

what is the median cubital vein?

A

the connecting vein between the cephalic and basilic vein at the cubital fossa

216
Q

what are the 3 structures found in the cubital fossa?

A

median vein

bifurcation of the brachial artery into radial and ulnar arteries

tendon of triceps

217
Q

explain the relationship between the radial nerve and the cubital fossa

A

the radial nerve is not in the cubtual fossa but near the lateral boundary as it lies beneath brachioradialis

218
Q

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

a synovial hinge joint

219
Q

what are the 3 bones present at the elbow joint?

A

humerus
radius
ulna

220
Q

which 2 movements are possible at the elbow joint?

A

flexion and extension

221
Q

where in relation to the elbow joint does the ulnar nerve pass to reach the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

ulnar nerve passes to the medial side of the elbow joint

222
Q

where in relation to the elbow joint does the radial nerve pass to reach the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

radial nerve passes to the lateral side of the elbow joint

223
Q

which ligaments prevent abduction and adduction of the elbow joint?

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

224
Q

what are the 2 bones of the forearm?

A

radius and ulna

225
Q

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexion

226
Q

what nerve supplies (nearly) all muscles in the anterior compartment?

A

the median nerve

227
Q

which 2 muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are not supplied by the medial nerve and what nerve are these supplied by?

A

flexor capi ulnaris
medial side of flexor digitorm profundus

supplied by the ulnar nerve

228
Q

which muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm is not present in everyone?

A

palmaris longus

229
Q

where does palmaris longus originate from?

A

the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin)

230
Q

what is the function of palmaris longus?

A

tightens the palmar aponeurosis

231
Q

where is the insertion point of palmaris longus?

A

the palmar aponeurosis

232
Q

what is the function of pronator teres?

A

pronation of the forearm

233
Q

where do the 2 heads of pronator teres originate from?

A

one from the humerus and one from the ulna

234
Q

where does pronator teres insert?

A

lateral surface of the radius

235
Q

what is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

median nerve

236
Q

what is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexion of the wrist

237
Q

what is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

238
Q

what is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

239
Q

what is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexor the MCP and PIP joints

240
Q

what innervates flexor digitorum superficiais?

A

median nerve

241
Q

what is the function of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexion of all of the joint in the fingers:
- MCP
- DIP
- PIP

242
Q

where does flexor digitorum originate from?

A

the ulna and interosseous membrane

243
Q

explain the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

medial side is innervated by the ulnar nerve and these are the tendons that go to the ring and little finger

lateral side is innervated by the median nerve and these are the tendons that go to the index and middle finger

244
Q

what is the function of flexor pollicus longus?

A

flexor of the thumb

245
Q

what is the innervation of flexor polices longus?

A

anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

246
Q

where does pronator quadratus lie?

A

deep in the anterior forearm close to the wrist

247
Q

what is the function of pronator quadratus?

A

pronate the forearm

248
Q

what is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

249
Q

what are the 5 structures that pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum suprficialis
tendons of flexor digitorum profunuds
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
median nerve

BMSc anatomy (8 decks)

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