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BMSc anatomy > regional gross anatomy spot test 3 part 3 > Flashcards

regional gross anatomy spot test 3 part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

the posterior tibial artery

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2
Q

the posterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of which artery?

A

the popliteal artery

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3
Q

where does the popliteal artery give its terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

A

when it runs through the popliteal fossa at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle

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4
Q

what is the large branch that comes off the popliteal artery in the posterior compartment?

A

the fibular artery

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5
Q

which compartment is supplied by the fibular artery and how?

A

the lateral compartment

the fibular artery is in the posterior compartment but gives off perforating branches which supply the lateral compartment

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6
Q

what are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial arteries and where are they found?

A

the medial and lateral plantar arteries on the sole of the foot

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7
Q

what 2 structures does the tibial nerve pass between and what is seen here with it?

A

between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

with the posterior tibial artery

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8
Q

what nerve gives the majority of the cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the leg?

A

the sural nerve

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9
Q

which 2 nerves does the sural nerve get fibres from?

A

the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve

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10
Q

what nerve supplies the medial part of the posterior aspect of the leg?

A

the saphenous nerve

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11
Q

where does the saphemnous nerve arise from?

A

the femoral nerve

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12
Q

what dermatome is the big toe?

A

L4

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13
Q

what dermatome are the 3 middle toes?

A

L5

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14
Q

what dermatome is the pinky toe?

A

S1

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15
Q

what dermatome is the skin of the heel of the foot?

A

S2

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16
Q

what type of joint is the tibiofibular joint?

A

a fibrous joint

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17
Q

explain the ligaments found at the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
interosseous ligament w/in the joint

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18
Q

what are the 3 structures that form the malleolar mortise?

A

the lateral malleolus
the medial malleolus
the inferior surface of the shaft of the tibia

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19
Q

what does the malleolar mortise articulate w/?

A

an upward projection of the talus called the trochlea of the talus

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20
Q

what type of joint is present between calcaneus and talus?

A

a synovial joint

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21
Q

what type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

a hinge joint

22
Q

what 2 movements can be produced at the ankle joint?

A

dorsiflexion - pointing toes up
plantar flexion - pointing toes down

23
Q

what are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcenofibular

24
Q

what is the other name for the medial collateral ligament and why?

A

the deltoid ligament because there are 4 ligaments involved

25
Q

what are the 4 components of the medial collateral / deltoid ligament?

A

anterior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular

26
Q

what bone forms the heel of the foot?

A

calcaneus

27
Q

what are the 3 muscles found in the first layer of the sole of the foot?

A

abductor hallicus
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

28
Q

what are the 2 muscles found in the second layer of the sole of the foot?

A

flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus

29
Q

what are the 2 groups of muscles assoc w/ the tendon of flexor digitorum longus?

A

quadratus plantae
4 lumbrical muscles

30
Q

what are the 3 muscles found in the third layer of the sole of the foot?

A

flexor hallicus brevis
abductor hallicus
flexor digiti minimi

31
Q

explain the arrangement of abductor hallicus?

A

there are 2 heads:

  • medial head
  • lateral head
32
Q

what is the muscle group found in the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

A

the interossei

33
Q

how many plantar interossei are there and what is their function?

A

3 plantar interossei

function: adduct (remember PAD)

34
Q

how many dorsal interossei are there and what is their function?

A

4 dorsal interossei

function: abduct (remember DAB)

35
Q

what toe is the axial digit for the foot?

A

the second toe

36
Q

describe the innervation of the sole of the foot?

A

innervated by the medial and lateral plantar nerves which are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve

37
Q

which 4 muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

A

abductor hallicus
flexor digitorum longus
1st lumbrical
flexor hallicus brevis

38
Q

what are the nerve roots that supply all muscles in the foot?

A

S2, 3

39
Q

what area of the foot does the medial plantar nerve supply?

A

plantar surface of the medial 3 and a half toes and the area of the sole of the foot that is assoc w/ those toes

40
Q

what area of the foot does the lateral plantar nerve supply?

A

plantar surface of the skin of the lateral half of the 4th toe and the 5th toe and the lateral border of the sole of the foot

41
Q

what supplies the skin over the heel of the foot?

A

calcaneal branches that arise from the tibial nerve

42
Q

what area of the foot is supplied by the saphenous nerve?

A

a small area on the medial aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

43
Q

what are of the foot is supplied by the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot?

A

a small area on the lateral aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

44
Q

where does the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot arise from?

A

it is a terminal branch of the sural nerve

45
Q

what nerve supplies most of the dorsum of the foot?

A

the superficial peroneal nerve

46
Q

what area of the dorsum of the foot is supplied by the dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot?

A

a small area on the lateral border

47
Q

what area of the foot is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve?

A

the first web space

48
Q

where is the subtalar joint?

A

between the talus and the calcaneus

49
Q

which 2 joints make up the transverse (mid) tarsal joint?

A

talonavicualr joint and the calcaenocuboid joint

50
Q

what type of joint is the mid tarsal joint?

A

a compound joint

51
Q

what are the 3 ligaments on the plantar surface of the foot?

A

long plantar
short plantar
spring ligament

BMSc anatomy (8 decks)

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