Renal: Acid Base

Question 1

how much hco3 and h is filtered, reabsorbed, generated, excreted, and regenerated by the kidney per day

Question 2

how is acid generated in the kidney

Question 3

what is an acid

Question 4

what is a base

Question 5

what is ph

Question 6

how can urine have 2 phs

Question 7

what is ph of blood, stomach, bile

Question 8

how does h get into plasma

Question 9

what would happen if all the h you ingest was added to your tbw? so what needs to happen?

Question 10

what are examples of buffers? what do they do?

Question 11

which buffers are regulated by the kidney?

Question 12

what is the relationship between hco3, pco2, ph, and h

Question 13

why does increasing pco2 increase h and hco3? why does make sense>

Question 14

why does inc h decrease h2co3? why does this make sense?

Question 15

what does it mean that both sides of the bbs eq can be regulated

Question 16

why is the bbs efficient

Question 17

how is pco2 regualted

Question 18

what is the pathway tp reduce plasma h

Question 19

what is the pathway to reduce plasma pco2

Question 20

what would happen if we had no way to regenerate bicarb?

Question 21

what does the kidney do to preserve bicarb

Question 22

2 ways new bicarb is made (ie: two ways acid is excreted in urine)

Question 23

where is bicarb reabsorbed

Question 24

explain pathway of how kidney reabsorbs filtered bicarb

Question 25

where is ammonium trapped

Question 26

explain how you go from gln to bicarb in the blood

Question 27

explain how you get ammonium in the lumen through ammoniagenesis

Question 28

difference between cell membrane perm of ammonia and ammonium

Question 29

when does ammonium conc increase

Question 30

how does ammonium get trapped in the cd lumen

Question 31

what are the four transporters involved in ammonium secretion

Question 32

how do hydrogen ions get secreted in to the lumen of intercalated cells in the cd