Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP II > Renal Disease & Urologic Surgery > Flashcards

Renal Disease & Urologic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of cardiac output goes to the kidneys?

A

15-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anesthesia Increases or decreases renal bloodflow?

A

Decreases by decreasing cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood urea nitrogen is not elevated until GFR is decreased to almost __% of normal

A

75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serum creatinine measurements reflect what?

A

Glomerular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the normal creatinine levels for men and women?

A

Men: 0.8-1.3 mg/dL
Women: 0.6-1 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most accurate measure of glomerular filtration rate?

A

Creatinine clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a normal GFR for men and women?

A

Men: 95-140 mL/min
Women: 85-125 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Decreasing flow does what to the BUN/Cr ratio?

A

Increases it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal pH range for urine?

A

4.5-8.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anemia may be present in patients with renal disease because of abnormalities in the production of what?

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most patients with chronic renal disease have increased body water as well as ____ Na/K balance

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which groups are at highest risk for developing acute renal failure?

A

Elderly
Diabetic
Baseline renal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deterioration of function over hours to days leading to the inability of the kidneys to excrete waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

A

Acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three types of acute renal failure?

A 
Prerenal (decreased renal flow)
Renal (intrinsic)
Post renal (obstructive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the primary risk factors for acute renal failure?

A 
Advanced age
Congestive heart failure
Sepsis
Nephrotoxic drugs
Multiple blood transfusions
Hemolysis
Hypotension
Perirenal surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some causes of prerenal ARF?

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemia
Congestive heart failure
Prerenal aortic crossclamping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some renal causes of ARF?

A

Intrinsic renal disease
Renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some causes of post renal ARF?

A

Caused by an obstruction of urinary outflow

19
Q

The in-hospital mortality rate among patients with ARF ranges from _____ to ____%

A

20-50%

20
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Functional renal failure that occurs in severe cirrhosis

Characterized by tight constriction of renal arteries resulting in oliguria and sodium retention

21
Q

What are the five primary diseases of the kidney?

A 
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic renal disease
Renal artery stenosis
Renal hypertension
Diabetic nephropathy
22
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Deposits of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli causes hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension and increased creatinine

23
Q

What is polycystic renal disease?

A

Progressive genetic disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria with eventful renal failure

24
Q

What is renal artery stenosis?

A

Athlerosclerosis of renal arteries accounts for most cases

may be unilateral or bilateral

25
Q

What Is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease?

A

Diabetic nephropathy

26
Q

What is chronic renal failure?

A

Progressive irreversible deterioration of renal function that occurs over months or years

27
Q

What are some causes of chronic renal failure?

A

Glomerulopathy
Tubular interstitial disease
Hereditary disease
Vascular disease

28
Q

What are some of the clinical symptoms of CRF?

A

General: fatigue, weakness & malaise
GI: anorexia, N/V
Neurological: Irritability, subtle memory defects, difficulty concentrating

29
Q

What type of catheter is large and stiff and associated with dialysis

A

Perverts! it’s a vas cath

30
Q

What type of catheter has central access to multiple ports?

A

Central line

31
Q

What type of catheters are under the skin and commonly in the subclavian.
usually stay in longer

A

Portacaths

32
Q

What are the two types of dialysis?

A

Hemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

33
Q

What type of dialysis can be done at home?

A

Peritoneal dialysis

34
Q

What type of dialysis is done three days a week?

A

Hemodialysis

35
Q

What type of muscle relaxants can be used on induction for renal patients?

A

Choose NMBs with clearance independent of renal function

36
Q

What are three important considerations to remember in the maintenance of anesthesia for renal patients?

A

Fluid management
Muscle relaxation
Hyperkalemia

37
Q

Why should you avoid or use caution when administering morphine and meperidine to CRF patients?

A

Morphine is a very potent sedative and can accumulate 10 to 15 times normal
Normeperidine is the active metabolite in accumulates within the patient causing seizures

38
Q

What is BPH?

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

-Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate

39
Q

What is the definitive treatment for BPH?

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

40
Q

What is TURP syndrome?

A

When too much fluid is absorbed and intravascular volume expansion and hypo-osmolality occur

41
Q

What is lithotripsy?

A

Using repetitive shocks to break up stones

42
Q

What is the definitive surgical treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease who are on chronic dialysis?

A

Renal transplantation

43
Q

How long can a donor kidney survive?

A

Up to 48 hours

AP II (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions