renal pathology

Question 1

renal hypoplasia is more common ___lateral, and agenesis is more common____lateral

Answer 1

unilateral; bilateral

Question 2

kidneys just above the pelvic brim with kinking or toruosity of ureters

Answer 2

ectopic kidney

Question 3

renal cystic disease more often seen in adults

Answer 3

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

simple cysts smaller than____are fine

Answer 4

5 cm

Question 5

mutation of PKD1 or PKD2

Answer 5

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 6

in ppl dx’w with ADPKD, when do they develop renal failure

Answer 6

in their 50’s

Question 7

what is the 4th leading cause of end stage renal disase?

Answer 7

ADPKD

Question 8

berry aneurysms occurs in 10% of patients, hepatic cysts

Answer 8

ADPKD

Question 9

when ___of the kidney is affected by ADPKD, dysfxn begins

Answer 9

2/3

Question 10

mutation of PKHD1, childhood presentation

Answer 10

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Question 11

huge, white smooth surfaced kidneys at birth

Answer 11

ARPKD

Question 12

which PKD is associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis

Answer 12

ARPKD

Question 13

retention cysts are AKA?

Answer 13

simple cysts

Question 14

diffuse disease concerns____

Answer 14

glomeruli; at least 51%

Question 15

when less than 50% of glomerulus are affected, it is called?

Answer 15

focal

Question 16

renal biopsy is routinely stained for which Ig?

Answer 16

IG G,A,M

Question 17

syndrome assc’d with hematuria

Answer 17

nephritic

Question 18

syndrome assc’d with severe proteinuria

Answer 18

nephrotic syndrome

Question 19

what is due to breaks in the glomerular capillary loops

Answer 19

nephritic syndrome

Question 20

what is due to glomerular capillary filtration defects?

Answer 20

nephrotic syndrome

Question 21

tubular injury that presents with oliguria + rapid rise in serum creatinine

Answer 21

acute renal failure

Question 22

HTN, hematuria, RBC casts

Answer 22

nephritic syndrome

Question 23

proteinuria>___, edema, hypoalbuminemia, fatty casts

Answer 23

> 3.5g/24 hr; nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

micro changes seen in chronic renal failure (3)

Answer 24

1. glomerular sclerosis
2. interstitial fibrosis
3. tubular atrophy

Question 25

most common cause of nephrotic syndome in children 2-6 yo

Answer 25

minimal change glomerulopathy

Question 26

another name for minimal change glomerulopathy

Answer 26

lipoid nephrosis

Question 27

diffuse epithelial foot process effacement

Answer 27

minimal change glomerulopathy

Question 28

can be caused by HIV or heroin use

Answer 28

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 29

Af Am, HIV+, pitting edema, c/o HA

Answer 29

FSGS

Question 30

segmental sclerosis on LM, diffuse epithelial cell foot process effacement

Answer 30

FSGS

Question 31

spikes on LM, granular IgG & C3 on IF; subepithelial deposits on EM

Answer 31

membranous glomerulopathy

Question 32

___% of those with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis will progress to ____within 10 yrs

Answer 32

50%; chronic renal failure

Question 33

subendothelial deposits characterizes type ____MPGN; intramembranous deposits characterize type ____MPGN

Answer 33

type 1; type 2

Question 34

thickening of GBM + proliferative mesangial cells

Answer 34

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 35

tram tracks on LM silver stain

Answer 35

MPGN type 1

Question 36

which type of MPGN has C3 nephritic factor

Answer 36

MPGN type 2

Question 37

acute nephritic syndrome caused by what 2 conditions

Answer 37

1. diffuse prolfierative glomerulonephritis | 2. crescenteric glomerulonephritis

Question 38

acute glomerulonephritis is most commonly associated with____

Answer 38

strep

Question 39

hematuria, azotemia, oliguria, in kids after latent period of 1-3 weeks post strep infxn

Answer 39

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 40

acute glomerulonephritis is assc'd with ____complement levels

Answer 40

low

Question 41

subepithelial humps; scattered granular IgG, IGM & C3 along GBM & mesangium

Answer 41

post-strep GM

Question 42

anti-GBM, IC, anti-PMN

Answer 42

crescent glomerulonephritis

Question 43

linear cigarette smoke IF

Answer 43

goodpasture disease

Question 44

granular, lumpy bumpy IF

Answer 44

SLE

Question 45

Ab against collagen IV, results in vasculitis, esp in lung & kidney

Answer 45

goodpastures disease

Question 46

what are the ANCA-associated GN?

Answer 46

pauci-immune crescentic GN

Question 47

most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide?

Answer 47

IgA nephropathy

Question 48

immune complex deposition in mesangium, present with mild hematuria, proteinuria

Answer 48

IgA nephropathy

Question 49

mesangial proliferation is considered >____cells per mesangium

Answer 49

3

Question 50

defect in the basement membrane due to mutation in alpha-5 chain of collagen IV

Answer 50

alport syndrome

Question 51

male boy with sensorineural deafness with microscopic hematuria, x linked dominance

Answer 51

alport syndrome

Question 52

splitting and lamination, basket-weave pattern (key lesions)

Answer 52

alport syndrome

Question 53

normal LM, negative IF, thin GBM on EM

Answer 53

thin GBM disease

Question 54

granular immune complex deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4

Answer 54

lupus nephritis

Question 55

big pale waxy kidney with leaky glomerular basement membrane

Answer 55

amyloidosis

Question 56

50% of acute renal failure is due to

Answer 56

acute tubular necrosis

Question 57

acute interstitial nephritis can be due to what drugs (4)

Answer 57

1. PCN 2. rifampin 3. ibuprofen 4. thiazide diuretics

Question 58

most common cause of pyelonephritis

Answer 58

E coli

Question 59

presentation with pain in costo-vertebral angle, WBC casts in urine, neutrophilic infiltrates

Answer 59

acute pyelonephritis

Question 60

pitting geographic scars

Answer 60

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 61

thyroidization

Answer 61

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 62

which tumor is always in the cortex, and smaller than 0.5 cm, with pale yellow well-circumscribed nodules

Answer 62

papillary adenoma

Question 63

which tumor is associated with tuberous sclerosis

Answer 63

angiomyolipoma

Question 64

main risk factors to know for renal cell carcinoma (3)

Answer 64

1. tobacco 2. chronic renal failure 3. acquired cystic renal disease

Question 65

presentation with hematuria, abdominal mass, invades the renal vein early

Answer 65

renal cell carcinoma

Question 66

loss of VHL histotype of RCC

Answer 66

clear cell RCC

Question 67

activation of pro-oncogene MET histotype of RCC

Answer 67

papillary renal cell carcinoma

Question 68

loss of multiple chrom-->hypodiploidy (histotype of RCC)

Answer 68

chromophobe RCC

Question 69

which RCC histotype has the best prognosis?

Answer 69

chromophobe RCC

Question 70

solitary unilateral lesion, yellow-orange with sharply defined margins, abundant capillaries

Answer 70

clear cell RCC

Question 71

thick capsule with hemorrhage, foamy macrophages, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, sparse capillaries

Answer 71

chromophil (papillary) RCC

Question 72

inactivation of VHL with cavernous hemangiomas in cerebellum and incr incidence of RCC

Answer 72

von hippel lindau syndrome

Question 73

nephroblastoma is AKA

Answer 73

wilms tumor

Question 74

most common renal malignancy of early childhood

Answer 74

wilms tumor

Question 75

wilms tumor results from mutation in?

Answer 75

WT1 or WT2

Question 76

wilms tumor components on histology (4)?

Answer 76

1. blastema 2. abortive glomeruli 3. spindle cell stroma 4. abortive tubules