renal testing

Question 1

what enzymes/hormones do nephrons secrete (3)

Answer 1

1. hemodynamics regualtors (renine)
2. EPO
3. Vitamin D

Question 2

Measures amt nitrogen in blood in the form of urea

Answer 2

BUN

Question 3

urea is ___by liver and ___by kidneys

Answer 3

excreted by liver and removed from blood by kidneys

Question 4

incr in BUN is?

Answer 4

azotemia

Question 5

the sum of filtration rates in all functioning nephrons

Answer 5

GFR

Question 6

normal amt filtered by glomeruli

Answer 6

150-180 liters

Question 7

Cr is lowest____and highest____

Answer 7

in AM; at night

Question 8

BUN:Cr ratio > 20:1 indicates that problem is where

Answer 8

pre renal

Question 9

BUN:Cr ratio 10-20:1

Answer 9

normal or post renal

Question 10

Bun:Cr ratio

Answer 10

renal

Question 11

as your Cr incr, what happens to your GFR?

Answer 11

decr

Question 12

UTI or citrus fruit can lead to what change in pH in urine

Answer 12

incr

Question 13

dehydration, cranberries can lead to what change in pH in urine

Answer 13

decr

Question 14

normal urine pH

Answer 14

4.5-8

Question 15

when the kidney can’t reabsorb filtered glu in PCT despite normal plasma levels

Answer 15

renal glucosuria

Question 16

low sp gravity can indicate

Answer 16

1. overhydration

2. renal disease

Question 17

high sp gravity can indicate

Answer 17

dehydration

Question 18

UA component associated with high false positive rate

Answer 18

leukocytes

Question 19

UA component associated with high false negative rate

Answer 19

nitrites

Question 20

what can lead to false positives on UA blood (4)

Answer 20

1. alkaline urine
2. contamination with oxidizing agents
3. semen
4. myoglobin

Question 21

if blood is 1-4+ what is f/u?

Answer 21

microscopy

Question 22

alb detection that is greater than normal but wouldn’t be detectable on dipstick

Answer 22

urine microalbumin

Question 23

urine microalbumin is seen with?

Answer 23

DM, HTN

Question 24

typical MA/Creatinine ratio

Answer 24

0-30 mg/g

Question 25

if glomerular issue is cause of proteinuris, expect Up:Ucr ratio ____

Answer 25

>3

Question 26

definition of pyuria

Answer 26

>4 WBC/HPF

Question 27

if epithelial cells are detected in casts, then?

Answer 27

tubular origin

Question 28

RBC casts

Answer 28

glomerulonephritis

Question 29

WBC casts

Answer 29

pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis

Question 30

fatty casts

Answer 30

nephrotic syndrome

Question 31

waxy, broad casts

Answer 31

advanced renal failure

Question 32

calcium oxalate crystals + acute renal failure

Answer 32

think ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 33

struvite crystals

Answer 33

proteus infxns

Question 34

fractional excretion of Na under 1%

Answer 34

prerenal disease

Question 35

fractional excretion of Na >2%

Answer 35

acute tubular necrosis

Question 36

what is the most common intrinsic cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients?

Answer 36

acute tubular necrosis

Question 37

high uric acid with recent chemo

Answer 37

tumor lysis syndrome