Renal therapeutics 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the major kidney disorders that can lead to AKI or CKD?
Obstructive uropathy, renal calculi, benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes insipidus
AKI: Acute Kidney Injury, CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease
What is obstructive uropathy?
A blockage of urinary flow due to various causes
Can lead to renal colic, dysuria, and other urinary symptoms
What are the common causes of obstructive uropathy in children?
Structural abnormalities
What are the common causes of obstructive uropathy in young adults?
Stones in the kidney, ureter or elsewhere in the urinary tract
What are the common causes of obstructive uropathy in older adults?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, retroperitoneal or pelvic tumors, calculi, polyps, scar tissue
What symptoms can obstructive uropathy cause?
Renal colic, dysuria, abnormal urinary frequency, nocturia, haematuria, fever, discomfort
What is renal calculi?
Also known as kidney stones, they can develop in one or both kidneys
What age group is most affected by renal calculi?
People aged 30 to 60
What is the prevalence of renal calculi?
> 1 in 10 people affected, twice as often in men than women
What are the management strategies for renal calculi?
Manage symptoms, remove stones, non-invasive removal, invasive removal
What is urinary incontinence?
Involuntary loss of urine that causes a social or hygiene concern
How much more common is urinary incontinence in women compared to men?
Four times more common
What are the four types of urinary incontinence?
- Stress
- Urge/overactive bladder
- Overflow
- Mixed/Neurogenic/medication-induced
What causes stress incontinence?
Weakening of pelvic floor muscles leading to urethra prolapse
What is urge incontinence?
Strong urge to pass frequent, small amounts of urine due to overactivation of detrusor muscle
What is overflow incontinence?
Loss of bladder control, dribbling urine, and frequent urinary incontinence
What are common causes of overflow incontinence?
- Abnormal bladder
- Nerve/spinal cord injury
- Medications like ACE inhibitors, diuretics
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Enlargement of the prostate gland that is not cancerous
What problems can BPH cause?
Urination and bladder problems due to pressure on the urethra
What hormone imbalance causes diabetes insipidus?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) unbalance
What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
- Increased frequency of urination
- Increased thirst
- Feeling ‘dry’
What age group is most likely to experience urinary incontinence?
At least 16% of women by age 75, but younger women can also be affected
