{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Cardiovascular Therapeutics 3 Flashcards

(11 cards)

1
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

A problem with heart rate or rhythm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of arrhythmia

A

Bradycardia - slowed heart rate (below 60 BPM)
Tachycardia - increased heart rate (over 100 BPM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of atrial fibrillation

A

Breathlessness
Chest discomfort
Syncope or dizziness
Reduced exercise tolerance
Palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the differences will the ECG of atrial fibrillation have compared to a normal sinus rhythm?

A

No P-waves
Chaotic baseline
Irregular ventricular rate
The ventricular rate is often 160–180beats per minute
The ventricular complexes look normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Role of ectopic beats in arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation.

A

These ectopic impulses trigger abnormal atrial depolarisations, initiating episodes of AF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of re-entrant circuits in arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation

A

In AF, multiple micro re-entrant circuits form throughout the atria.

This leads to chaotic, disorganised atrial electrical activity, with rapid, irregular firing.

The AV node filters these signals, leading to the classic irregularly irregular ventricular response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism of action of beta blockers used for rate control in AF

A

Block action of noradrenaline on the heart prevents tachyarrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers used for rate control in AF

A

Block L-Type VGCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of rhythm control

A

Electrical
Pharmacological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is recommended for preventing strokes in AF?

A

DOACS (Direct oral anticoagulants)
Factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban)
Factor IIa (a.k.a.a thrombin) inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors that contribute to thrombosis (Virchow’s triad)

A

Blood stasis
Endothelial Damage
Hypercoagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly