Renal therapeutics 4

Question 1

What are the effects of diuretics?

Answer 1

Increase the excretion of salt and water and the production and volume of urine.

Question 2

What are the indications of diuretics?

Answer 2

Treating cardiovascular diseases and (edematous and non-edematous conditions, which require clearing out excess water)

Question 3

What are the adverse effects of diuretics?

Answer 3

Increased thirst
May induce acute hypotension
Vigorous diuresis
Headache

Question 4

What is the molecular mechanism of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 4

Act on the collecting tubule, block epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) responsible for the reabsorption of NA+

Question 5

What is the molecular mechanism of loop diuretics?

Answer 5

Act on the thick ascending limb, interact with the Cl- binding site and block the electroneutral NKCC2 channels

Question 6

What is the molecular mechanism of aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 6

Act on distal and collecting tubule.
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists act by suppressing the aldosterone-induced proteins, which increase production, redistribution and activation of ENaC receptors.

Question 7

What is the molecular mechanism of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

Answer 7

Competitively bind to the Cl-binding site of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC), inhibiting the NA+ reabsorption.

Question 8

What is the molecular mechanism of osmotic diuretics?

Answer 8

Freely filtered through the glomerulus but not reabsorbed, it increases osmolarity of the tubular fluid fluid