Replication

Question 1

Type of bonds polymerases synthesize

Answer 1

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 2

Enzyme that removes mismatched deoxynucleotides

Answer 2

3’-5’ exonuclease

Question 3

During replication, a new nucleotide is added to which group of the previous nucleotide?

Answer 3

3’ hydroxyl group

Question 4

Is a primer needed for DNA replication?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Is a primer needed for RNA replication?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primer

Answer 6

Primase

Question 7

Polymerase that begins DNA synthesis in the 5’-3’ direction

Answer 7

DNA Polymerase III

Question 8

Removes RNA primers

Answer 8

RNAase H

Question 9

Role of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes

Answer 9

Removes primer and synthesizes new DNA

Question 10

Role of DNA ligase

Answer 10

Seals nicks between Okazaki fragments

Question 11

Role of helicase

Answer 11

Unwinds DNA

Question 12

Another name for DNA gyrase and it’s role

Answer 12

DNA topoisomerase II. It inserts negative supercoils to prevent DNA from being overwound

Question 13

Types of eukaryotic DNA polymerases

Answer 13

DNA polymerase alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

Question 14

Role of DNA polymerase alpha

Answer 14

Synthesizes RNA primer and initiates DNA synthesis of the lagging strand

Question 15

Role of DNA polymerase beta

Answer 15

Repairs DNA

Question 16

Role of DNA polymerase gamma

Answer 16

Replicates mitochondrial DNA

Question 17

Role of DNA polymerase delta

Answer 17

Synthesizes leading strand. Filling gaps after removal of primer

Question 18

Role of DNA polymerase epsilon

Answer 18

Repairs DNA

Question 19

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases that have exonuclease activity

Answer 19

DNA polymerase gamma, delta, epsilon

Question 20

Why do telemeres get shorter after each replication?

Answer 20

DNA polymerase cannot complete synthesis of the 5’ end of each strand

Question 21

Role of telomerase

Answer 21

Telomerase has a short RNA template complementary to the DNA sequence and possess reverse transcriptase so that it can replace the ends of telomeres.

Question 22

Direction of the exonuclease activity in RNAse H

Answer 22

3’-5’ exonuclease activity

Question 23

Types of DNA damage

Answer 23

Thymine dimers, mismatched base and cytosine deamination

Question 24

Type of DNA damage caused by UV radiation

Answer 24

Thymine dimers

Question 25

Type of DNA damage caused by DNA replication errors

Answer 25

Mismatched bases

Question 26

Type of DNA damage caused by Spontaneity or heat

Answer 26

Cytosine deamination

Question 27

Cytosine deamination results in to conversion of cytosine to which amino acid?

Answer 27

Cytosine is deaminated to form uracil

Question 28

In cytosin deamination, uracil is identified and removed by?

Answer 28

Uracil glycosylase enzyme

Question 29

Direction of movement of Dynein

Answer 29

retrograde to microtubule (towards negative (nucleus))

Question 30

Direction of movement of Kinesin

Answer 30

Anterograde to microtubule (towards positive (periphery))

Question 31

Which polymerase adds nucleotides and has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity

Answer 31

DNA Polymerase III.

Question 32

Function of DNA Polymerase I

Answer 32

Degrades RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

Question 33

What is the sequence of nucleotides that telomerase adds

Answer 33

TTAGGG