Repro: Male Flashcards
(110 cards)
0
Q
Long muscular tube. Conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior through the ____________, located at the tip of the glans penis.
A
Male urethra. External urethral orifice.
1
Q
External male genital organs
A
Penis & Scrotum
2
Q
Measurement of the male urethra
A
15-20cm long
3
Q
Part engulfed by the prostate. In normal men, it is the widest part of the urethra. Starts after the bladder neck and ends at the urogenital diaphragm. The posterior wall has a median longitudinal ridge called the __________.
A
Prostatic urethra. Urethral crest.
4
Q
In urethral crest, groove on each side called __________. On the middle is the _________ or the ______.
A
Prostatic sinuses. Seminal colliculus. Verumontarum.
5
Q
After the prostatic urethra. Shortest portion also the thinnest and most prone to damage. This is compressed by the ___________ which is responsible for the maintenance of urinary continence.
A
Membranous urethra. Urogenital diaphragm.
6
Q
Measurement of membranous urethra
A
1-2cm
7
Q
Longest part of the urethra. Starts at the bulb of the penis through the corpus spongiosum and ends at the meatus. There are small ____________ in the proximal end.
A
Spongy urethra. Bulbourethral glands.
8
Q
Arterial supply of the spongy urethra is through the ________, while venous drainage is throught the ________. Bothe are supplied/drained by their corresponding _________.
A
Bulbar artery. Bulbar veins. Internal pudendals.
9
Q
The male organ of copulation and is the common outlet for both urine & semen.
A
Penis
10
Q
Layers of the penis
A
Skin, Superficial (dartos) fascia, Deep (buck’s) fascia & Tunica albugine “SSDT”
11
Q
Contains the dorsal veins
A
Superficial/Dartos fascia
12
Q
Contains the dorsal arteries & nerves, and the corpus spongiosum.
A
Deep/Buck’s fascia
13
Q
Encloses the two corpora cavernosa
A
Tunica albuginea
14
Q
Two layers of the tunica albuginea
A
Outer longitudinal layer & Inner circular layer
15
Q
The ______ is composed of three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue called _______, enclosed by a dense white fibrous capsule called __________.
A
Penis. Corpora. Tunica albuginea.
16
Q
Three erectile cavernous tissues
A
Corpus spongiosum & Corpora cavernosa(2)
17
Q
In corporal bodies, the paired _________ lie side-by-side, fused medially & separate posteriorly forming the ______.
A
Corpora cavernosa. Two crura.
18
Q
The crura are attached on the each side to the conjoint rami of the _______ & ________.
A
Pubis & Ischium.
19
Q
Ventral to the corpora cavernosa is the
A
Corpus spongiosum
20
Q
The posterior portion of the corpora spongiosum is called the
A
Bulb of the penis
21
Q
The spongy urethra is within the
A
Corpus corpora spongiosum
22
Q
The most distal portion of the corpus spongiosum is the
A
Glans penis
23
Q
Has the greatest concentration of sensory nerve endings in the penis.
A
Glans
24
The margin of the glans is called
Corona
25
Distal portion of the glans is the
External urethral orifice or meatus
26
The skin & fascia of the penis are prolonged as a free fold just underneath the neck of the penis called the ______ which is excised during circumcision.
Prepuce
27
Is a median fold passing from the prepuce up to the meatus.
Frenulum
28
________ is made possible due to the spongy tissue of the _________ which consists of interlacing and intercommunicating spaces which is filled with arterial blood during erection.
Erection. Cavernous bodies.
29
From the membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdomen (scarpa's fascia)
Fundiform ligament
30
Thick triangular fibroelastic band that keeps the penis pointed up during erection. Attached to the deep fascia and the anterior symphysis pubis.
Suspensory ligament
31
Arterial supply of the penis are from the
Internal pudendal nerve
32
Artery that runs superior to the corpora cavernosa
Dorsal artery
33
Artery that pierce the crus & rum within the corpus cavernosa.
Deep arteries
34
Arterial branches that open into the cavernous spaces.
Helicine or Circumflex arteries
35
Blood from the cavernous spaces is drained by _________. Then they drain into the ________ located in the deep fascia. This drains into the __________.
Venous plexi. Deep dorsal vein. Prostatic venous plexus.
36
Blood from the spongiosum drains into the ________ which go into the internal pudendal veins.
Bulbourethral & Bulbar veins
37
Drains into the superficial external pudendal veins
Superficial dorsal veins
38
Most of the lymph drainage of the penis is in the
Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes
39
Vessels from the glans drains into the
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
40
Gives rise to the dorsal nerve of the penis & the perineal nerve.
Pudendal nerve
41
Supplies both the skin and the glans.
Dorsal nerve
42
From the inferior hypogastric or in pelvic plexus. Stimulation of the cavernous nerves induces erection
Cavernous nerves
43
Sympathetic stimulation, causes the clonic spasms of the __________ muscle, innervated by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve.
Ejaculation. Bulbospongiosus.
44
Parasympathetic stimulation, causes relaxation of the ________ smooth muscles causing blood to into the spaces.
Erection. Cavernous.
45
These muscles contract compress the venous plexi, impeding the return of venous blood, thus maintaining the erection.
Bulbospongiosus & Ischiocavernous
46
Surround the crura in the root of the penis. Origin from the ischial tuberosity & ramus and inserts into the sides and ventral surface of the crura. Also aids in erection.
Ischiocavernosus muscle
47
At the bulb of the penis, anterior to the anus. Forms a sphincter and compresses the bulb to aid in erection. During ejaculation, clonic contractions propel the _________.
Bulbospongiosus muscle. Seminal fluid.
48
A loose cutaneous fibromuscular sac located posteroinferior to the penis and inferior to the pubic symphysis.
Scrotum
49
Layers of the scrotum
Skin, Dartos muscle, Colles fascia, External spermatic fascia, Cremasteric muscle, Internal spermatic fascia & Tunics vaginalis. "SDCE CIT"
50
Contraction of the dartos & ___________ causes the testis to be drawn up against the body. Seen in cold weather. _______ needs a specific temperature. Neurologic test for L1 & L2 motor nerves through __________.
Cremasteric muscles. Spermatogenesis. Cremasteric reflex.
51
Arterial supply: Anterior aspect of the scrotum from the
External pudendal artery
52
Arterial supply: posterior aspect of the scrotum comes from the
Internal pudendal artery
53
Anterior portion of the scrotum is innervated by the
Ilioinguinal nerve
54
Innervation of scrotum: Posterior portion of the scrotum is supplied by the medial and lateral scrotal branches of the ________ and the perineal branch of the _________.
Perineal nerve. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
55
Lymphatic drainage of the scrotum.
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
56
Testicular lymphatics drain into the
Para-caval, Pre-aortic & Para-aortic lymph nodes
57
Internal male organs
Ductus/Vas Deferens & Epididymis
58
Thick walled muscular tube. The continuation of the epididymal tail. Passes within the _________, through the inguinal canal, crossing over the iliac vessels & ureter. Ends into the _______ at the posterior portion of the bladder.
Ductus/Vas Deferens. Spermatic cord. Ampulla of the vas.
59
After the ampulla of the vas. It joins the ducts of the _________ and enters the prostate. Ends at the ________ which opens through the _______ into the prostatic urethral lumen.
Seminal vesicles. Ejaculatory duct. Verumontarum.
60
Arterial supply of the ductus deferens is through the ________ which comes from the _________.
Artery of the vas. Testicular artery.
61
Innervation of the ductus deferens is through the
Inferior hypogastric or pelvic plexus
62
Lymphatic drainage of the ductus deferens
External iliac nodes
63
Comma shaped structure applied to the superior and posterolateral surface of the testis.
Epididymis
64
Contains the efferent ductules of the testis which transmit the sperm.
Epididymal head
65
Contains the duct of the epididymis.
Epididymal body
66
Suspends the testis in the scrotum. Begins at the ________. Ends at the posterior border of the testis, near the tail of the epididymis.
Spermatic cord. Deep inguinal ring.
67
Ductus/Vas deferens & Cremasteric muscle are contents of
Spermatic cord
68
Spermatic cord contents: Arteries
Cremasteric, Artery of the vas & Testicular artery "CAT"
69
Spermatic cord contents: Veins
Pampiniform plexus
70
Spermatic cord contents: Nerves
Autonomic sensory nerves & Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve "AG"
71
Spermatic cord contents: Lymphatics
Lumbar & Preaortic lymph nodes "LP"
72
Thin walled, pear-shaped structure about ___cm long. Actually a coiled tube ______cm when stretched out. Located on the posterior bladder, lateral to the ampulla and medial to the ureters.
Seminal vesicle. 5cm. 10-15cm.
73
Secretes a thick ______ fluid which contributes to the seminal fluid providing most of the volume.
Seminal vesicle. Alkaline.
74
Produces a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen)
Seminal vesicle
75
Contents of the seminal vesicle fluid
Vitamin C, Fructose & Prostaglandin "VFP"
76
Slender tubes formed by the union of the ducts of the seminal vesicles & vas. Passes through the substance of the prostate. Exits in the _________.
Ejaculatory ducts. Prostatic urethra.
77
The largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system. Partly glandular and fibromuscular. Has a base, apex and four surfaces (posterior, anterior and two inferolateral) encircles the upper part of the urethra.
Prostate
78
The prostate is covered by a _______ which is enclosed by a loose sheath derived from the pelvic fascia called the __________.
Dense fibrous capsule(true capsule). Prostatic sheath(false capsule)
79
Separates the bladder, seminal vesicles & prostrate from the rectum.
Rectovesical septum
80
Secretes prostatic secretion which is thin milky fluid, admixing with semen. Provide 20% of the volume of the semen. Milky fluid helps to activate sperm & enters the urethra through several small ducts.
Prostate
81
Prostate secretes
PSA, Acid phosphatase, Citric acid, Prostaglandin & Proteolytic enzymes "PAC PP"
82
Prostate has how many lobes
Five
83
Prostate lobe: lies in front of the urethra and is devoid of glandular substance.
Anterior lobe or Isthmus
84
Prostate lobe: situated on either side of the urethra and form the main mass of the gland.
Lateral lobes (R & L)
85
Prostate lobe: lies behind the urethra and below the ejaculatory duct, contains glandular tissues and is prone to CA transformation.
Posterior lobe
86
Prostate lobe: lies between the urethra and the ejaculatory duct and is prone to BPH, obstructing the internal orifice.
Middle/Median lobe
87
Arterial supply of the prostate is mainly from the __________ which come from the ___________.
Inferior vesical & Middle rectal arteries. Internal iliac arteries.
88
Veins from the prostate form the ___________ around the sides. These drain into the __________, then communicates with the ____________.
Prostatic venous plexus. Internal iliac veins. Vesical venous plexus & Vertebral venous plexi.
89
Lymph vessels of the prostate terminate chiefly in the __________. Some from the posterior surface go to the ___________.
Internal iliac & Sacral lymph nodes. External iliac nodes.
90
Nerve supply of the prostate: parasympathetic fibers from the
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
91
Nerve supply of the prostate: Sympathetic fibers from the
Inferior hypogastric or pelvic plexus
92
Pea sized gland inferior to the prostate. Produces a thick, clear mucus. Cleanses the urethra of acidic urine, Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse and secreted into the _______.
Bulbourethral glands. Penile urethra.
93
Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions.
Semen
94
Advantages of accessory secretions: provides energy for sperm cells.
Fructose
95
Advantages of accessory secretions: helps neutralize the acidic environment of vagina.
Alkalinity of semen
96
Advantages of accessory secretions: inhibits bacterial multiplication.
Semen
97
Advantages of accessory secretions: elements of sperm enhance
Sperm motility
98
Main reproductive organs, ovoid in shape & suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord. Produces _________ which fertilize the female ova producing zygote. Also produces __________.
Testes. Haploid cells (spermatozoa). Male hormone (Androgens).
99
Is contained within the tunica vaginalis, between them is a small amount of clear fluid.
Testes
100
The testis is covered by the ________. Within are small small ducts called _________, which join to form rete testis. Small _________ connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis.
Tunica albuginea. Seminiferous tubules. Efferent ductules.
101
Production of sperm cells. Begins at puberty and continues throughout life. Occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatogenesis
102
Undergo rapid mitosis to produce more stem cells before puberty.
Spermatogonia
103
Modifies spermatogonia division. One cell produced is a stem cell. The other cell produced becomes a primary spermatocyte.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
104
Primary spermatocytes undergo ________. _________ are produced.
Meiosis. Haploid spermatids.
105
Late spermatids are produced with distinct regions: head, midpiece and tail. Sperm cells result after maturing of spermatids.
Spermiogenesis
106
Contains DNA covered by the acrosome
Head
107
Spermatogenesis occurs within
64-72 days
108
The only human flagellated cell
Mature sperm cell
109
The most important hormone of the testes. Produced in interstitial cells. Stimulates reproductive organ dev't. Underlies sex drive and causes secondary sex characteristics.
Testosterone
