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Anatomy > Special Senses: Auditory & Vestibular Apparatus > Flashcards

Special Senses: Auditory & Vestibular Apparatus Flashcards

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0
Q

Collects sounds. Shell like part. Consists of single elastic cartilage w/c is continuous with cartilage of external acoustic meatus. Contains hair, sweat/sebaceous glands. Shape varies.

A

Auricle

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1
Q

External ear is composed of

A

External auditory meatus & Auricle

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2
Q

No cartilage. Can be pierced for earring.

A

Lobule

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3
Q

Auditory passage. Extends from concha to tympanic membrane. S shaped.

A

External acoustic meatus

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4
Q

Length of External acoustic meatus

A

2.5cm long

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5
Q

External acoustic meatus composition: Lateral 1/3 is _________ & Medial 2/3 __________.

A

Cartilage. Bony.

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6
Q

External acoustic meatus in infants

A

Pure cartilage

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7
Q

Part of EAM lined w/ skin. Contents are hair follicles, sebaceous gland & ceruminou gland.

A

Lateral part

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8
Q

Part of EAM lined with thin skin, composed of Isthmus.

A

Medial part

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9
Q

Ceruminous gland produces

A

Cerumen

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10
Q

Constricted medial part of the EAM

A

Isthmus

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11
Q

Arterial supply of the EAM

A

Post auricular branch of external carotid artery, Deep auricular branch of maxillary artery & Auricular branch of superficial temporal artery “PDA”

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12
Q

Venous drainage of the EAM

A

Pterygoid plexus, EJV & Maxillary vein “PEM”

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13
Q

Nerve supply of the EAM

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, Tympanic plexus & Auricular branch “ATA”

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14
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve is from what CN

A

CN V

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15
Q

Tympanic plexus is from what CN

A

CN VII

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16
Q

Auricular branch nerve is from what CN

A

CN X

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17
Q

Thin, semitransparent & oval membrane. Medial end of EAM. Separates external from middle ear. Oblique and slopes inferomedially. Pearly gray and shiny.

A

Tympanic membrane

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18
Q

In Tympanic membrane: concavity toward the. Eatus with a central depression, ________, formed by handle of malleus.

A

Umbo

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19
Q

In Tympanic membrane: from umbo, bright area emanates called

A

Cone of light

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20
Q

In Tympanic membrane: moves in response to air vibration that pass to it. Vibrations are transmitted from TM by ________ through the middle ear to inner ear.

A

Auditory ossicles

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21
Q

Arterial supply of the tympanic membrane

A

Maxillary artery, Deep auricular artery, Posterior auricular artery & Tympanic branch “M DPT”

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22
Q

Venous drainage of the tympanic membrane

A

EJV

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23
Q

Nerve supply of the tympanic membrane

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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24
Foreign bodies, infection & excessive pressure as in scuba diving.
Deafness
25
Narrow cavity in petrous temporal bone. Contents are auditory ossicles, stapedius, tensor tympani & chorda tympani.
Middle ear
26
Anterior to middle ear
Nasopharynx
27
Posterosuperior to middle ear
Mastoid antrum
28
Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by tegmen tympani. Separates ME from dura.
Roof or Tegmental
29
Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by the bone. Separates ME from IJV.
Floor or Jugular
30
Walls of the Middle Ear: formed by tympanic membrane
Lateral or Membranous
31
Walls of the Middle Ear: composed of semicircular ducts & cochlea. Separates ME from inner ear.
Medial or Labyrinthine
32
Small window of Labyrinthine: closes the base of stapes. Vibration of stapes are transmitted to the inner ear.
Fenestra vestibuli
33
Small window of Labyrinthine: closed by a secondary TM. Allows perilymph to move in response to impulses.
Fenestra cochlea
34
Walls of the Middle Ear: leads to mastoid antrum via an opening, ________. Pyramidal eminence contains stapedius mucle.
Posterior or Mastoid. Aditus.
35
Walls of the Middle Ear: 2 openings w/c connects with canal occupied by tensor tympani & w/ nasopharynx thru auditory tube.
Interior or Carotid wall
36
Funnel shaped. Connects NP to middle ear. 1/3 bone & 2/3 cartilage. Equalize pressure in middle ear with ATM pressure.
Auditory tube
37
Arterial supply of the auditory tube
Ascending pharyngeal artery, Middle meningeal artery & Artery of pterygoidal canal "AMA"
38
Venous drainage of the auditory tube
Pterygoid plexus
39
Nerve supply of the auditory tube
Tympanic plexus (CN VII & IX)
40
Ear bones. Forms a chain across the middle ear. From TM to oval window. Increase the force but decrease amplitude of vibrations transmitted from TM.
Auditory ossicles
41
Auditory ossicles is composed of
Maleis, Incus & Stapes
42
Part of maleus: lies vs flaccid part of TM where chorda tympani nerve crosses.
Neck
43
Part of maleus: embedded in TM where tendon of tensor tympani inserts.
Handle
44
Part of maleus: rounded superior part lies in epitympanic recess articulates with incus.
Head
45
Parts of Incus: arctic with head of malleus.
Body
46
Parts of Incus: arctic with stapes
Long process
47
Parts of Incus: connected to tympanic cavity by a ligament.
Short process
48
Parts of Incus: arctic with head of stapes.
Lenticular process
49
Smallest of auditory ossicles
Stapes
50
Parts of Stapes: fits into oval window.
Base
51
Parts of Stapes: arctic with lenticular process of incus.
Head
52
Pulls handle of malleus thus tenses TM. Reduces amplitude of oscillation. Prevents damage to int ear when exposed to loud sounds. From cartilaginous part of auditory tube. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. Petrous part of temporal bone. Insertion fro, handle malleus.
Tensor tympani
53
Length of Tensor tympani
2cm long
54
Nerve supply of tensor tympani
Mandibular nerve
55
Origin is ate pyramidal eminence. Inserted at neck of stapes. Reduces oscillatory range. Prevents excessive movement of stapes.
Stapedius
56
Contains the vestibulocochlear. Concentrate with reception of sound and maintenance of balance. In petrous part of temporal bone. Consists of sac and ducts of membranous labyrinth.
Internal ear
57
Contains endolymph and end organs for hearing and balance.
Membranous system
58
Surrounded by perilymph. Suspended within bony labyrinth.
Membranous Labyrinth
59
Bony Labyrinth is composed of
Cochlea, Vestibule & Semicircular canals
60
Shell like. Contains the cochlear duct.
Cochlea
61
Parts of Cochlea: apex
Cupula
62
Parts of Cochlea: shelf of bone
Osseous spiral lamina
63
Parts of Cochlea: attached to ossicle
Basilar membrane
64
Parts of Cochlea: concentrate with auditory perception
Organ of corti
65
Parts of Cochlea: opens into vestibule
Scala vestibuli
66
Parts of Cochlea: related to tympanic cavity at fenestra cochlea
Scala tympani
67
Oval bony chamber. About 5mm. Contains utricle and saccule which are parts of balancing apparatus. Continuously anteriorly with cochlea and posteriorly with SCC.
Vestibule
68
Bony canals which open into vestibule. Set at right angles to each other. Composed of anterior, posterior and lateral parts. Forms 2/3 of a circle. About 1.5mm in diameter except at swelling called ________.
Semicircular canals. Ampulla.
69
Sacs and ducts in cavities of bony labyrinth. Follows tge form of bony labyrinth but smaller. Contains watery fluid, _______. Consists of 3 parts.
Membranous labyrinth. Endolymph.
70
Dilatations. With a specialized area of sensory epithelium.
Utricle
71
Static organs for signaling position of the head in space.
Macula
72
In semicircular ducts: each duct has an extension containing sensory area, ________. Sensors of movement.
Crista ampullaris
73
In semicircular ducts: Hairs of cristae are supplied by primary sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in
Vestibular ganglion
74
Spiral, blind tube firmly fixed to cochlear canal by _________.
Cochlear duct. Spiral ligament.
75
Roof of the cochlear duct
Vestibular membrane
76
Floor of cochlear duct
Basilar membrane
77
Receptor of auditory stimuli. Contains hair cells that respond to vibrations induced in the endolymph by sound waves.
Spiral organ of Corti
78
Narrow canal. Runs laterally for about 1cm. Within petrous part of temporal bone. Closed laterally by a thin perforated plate of bone that separates it from internal ear. Through this plate pass _____ & _____.
Internal Acoustic Meatus. CN VII & VIII.
79
Divides near lateral end of IAM into anterior cochlear portion and posterior vestibular portion.
Vestibulocochlear nerve
80
Formation of spongy bone around stapes and fenestra vestibuli. May stop movement of base of stapes. Causes deafness.
Otosclerosis
81
Inflammation of middle ear. May spread to tegmen tympani. Causes inflammation of meninges.
Otitis media
82
Inflammation of external acoustic meatus. Movement of _______ causes pain because cartilage in it is continuous with EAM.
Otitis externa. Tragus.
83
Forms a route through which infection pass from nasopharynx to middle ear. This tube is blocked by swelling of mucous membrane. Residual air in the tympanic cavity is absorbed into the mucosal blood vessels. Lower pressure in tc retraction tm. Hearing reduced.
Auditory tube
84
Tympanic muscles have protective action. Dampen large vibrations of tympanic muscle from loud noises. Paralysis of _______ results in excessive hearing. Results from uninhibited movement of stapes.
Hyperacusia. Stapedius.
85
Spherical sinus at temporal bone. Connected to tympani cavity by _______. Separated from middle cranial fossa by tegmen tympani.
Mastoid antrum & cells. Aditus.
86
Result from infection of middle ear. Should not injure facial nerve during surgery.
Mastoiditis
87
Persistent exposure to loud sounds. Causes degenerative changes in spiral organ at base of cochlea. Drill handlers, machine operators & tractor drivers.
High tone deafness
88
Injury to ear by an imbalance in pressure between surrounding air and air in middle ear. In flies, dives and parachuters.
Otic Barotrauma

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