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Special senses: Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

(67 cards)

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0
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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1
Q

Fibromuscular tube. Extends from the base of skull to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (at which point it becomes esophagus) Behind nasal cavity cavities, mouth & larynx. Funnel-shaped. Musculo membranous wall.

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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3
Q

Portion of the pharynx lie posterior to larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

Continuous with nasal cavity, mouth, larynx and tympanic cavity.

A

Mucous membrane

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5
Q

LE of upper mucous membrane

A

Ciliated columnar

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6
Q

LE of lower mucous membrane

A

Stratified squamous

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7
Q

Thicker, stronger & connected to base of skull.

A

Fibrous layer above

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8
Q

Continuous with submucous coat of esophagus.

A

Fibrous layer below

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9
Q

The muscular wall of the pharynx are comprised of an outer layer made up to 3 circularly disposed muscles known as

A

Constrictors

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10
Q

Contract and pull post pharyngeal wall forward during swallowing aid soft plate in closing off nasopharynx. Origin is at medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament & mylohyoid bone. Insertion at upper is pharyngeal tubercle and at lower is median fibrous raphe.

A

Superior Constrictor Muscle

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11
Q

Superior Constrictor Muscle nerve supply

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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12
Q

Origin is at stylohyoid ligament lesser and greater cornua of hyoid. Insertion at median raphe.

A

Middle Constrictor Muscle

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13
Q

Roof is at soft palate & pharyngeal isthmus. Floor is at posterior 1/3 tongue and epiglottis, lingual tonsil, median glossoepiglottic fold, 2 lateral glossoepiglottic fold vallecula.

A

Oropharynx

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14
Q

Anterior wall of the oropharynx

A

Mouth & tongue

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15
Q

Posterior wall of oropharynx

A

C2 & C3

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16
Q

Lateral wall of the oropharynx

A

Palatoglossal, Palatopharyngeal arches/folds and Palatine tonsil “P3”

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17
Q

Upper epiglottis and cricoid. Pyriform fossa.

A

Laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Anterior to laryngopharynx

A

Inlet of pharynx

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19
Q

Posterior to Laryngopharynx

A

C3-C6

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20
Q

Lateral to laryngopharynx

A

Thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

Nerve supply of Pharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus CN 9 & 10

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22
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A

CN 10 & 11

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23
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx

A

Maxillary nerve CN 9 & 10

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24
Arterial supply of the Pharynx
Facial, Lingual, Ascending pharyngeal, Maxillary & Ascending palatine "FLAMA"
25
Venous supply of the pharynx
Pharyngeal venous plexus & IJV
26
Lymphatic supply of the Pharynx
Deep cervical/Paratracheal
27
For swallowing, successive contraction of the superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. Helps to propel the bolus of food down i to the esophagus.
Pharyngeal muscle
28
Contracts and propels food bolus down into esophagus.
Middle Constrictor Muscle
29
Nerve supply of the Middle Constrictor Muscle
Pharyngeal plexus
30
Propel bolus of food into esophagus cricopharyngeus muscle to sphincteric effect. Origin is thyroid cartilage & cricoid cartilage. Insertion of superior fibers is at MCM & lower fibers to esophagus median fibrous raphe.
Inferior Constrictor Muscle
31
Nerve supply of the Inferior Constrictor Muscle
Pharyngeal plexus
32
Elevate larynx and pharynx during swallowing. Origin is styloid process and temporal bone. Insertion is between SCM & MCM.
Stylopharyngeus muscle
33
Nerve supply of Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve
34
Assists in elevating pharynx. Origin is at lower part, auditory tube. Insertion blends with palatopharyngeus.
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
35
Nerve supply of Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Pharyngeal plexus
36
Takes origin from the soft palate and runs down the length of the pharynx. Intermingling with fibers of the stylopharyngeus below the inferior border of the superior constrictor.
Palatopharyngeus
37
Roof is the body of sphenoid, pharyngeal tonsil & basilar part of occipital bone. Floor is at soft palate & pharyngeal isthmus. Anterior is post nasal apertures, posterior is anterior arch of atlas. Lateral is auditory tube, tubal elevation, salpingo fold and tubal tonsil.
Nasopharynx
38
Pharyngeal muscle action: contraction of the ________________ of the pharynx helps to raise the pharynx, effectively aiding it in engulfing the bolus of food.
3 longitudinal muscle
39
Pharyngeal muscle action: In swallowing, the lowest fiber of the _________ are thought to act as a sphincter, guarding the entrance to the esophagus and preventing the entry of air into the digestive system.
Inferior constrictor
40
Motor innervation of the muscles of the Pharynx & Larynx
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
41
Exception to CN XI motor innervation because this is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal muscle (CN IX). The only muscle innervated by this nerve.
Stylopharyngeus muscle
42
Sensory innervation of the Pharynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve
43
Parasympathetic innervation of the Pharynx
Vagus nerve
44
The pharynx contains a _____ of specialized lymphatic tissue designed to prevent the entry of pathogens into the GI & Respi tract.
Ring
45
Specialized lymphatic tissue that is organized in three groups.
Tonsil
46
Special lymphatic tissue the is located in the nasal pharynx
Nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
47
Special lymphatic tissue the is located in between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds in the oral pharynx
Palatine tonsil
48
Special lymphatic tissue the is located on the posterior surface of the tongue
Lingual tonsil
49
Apparatus made up of cartilage, ligaments, muscle & mucous membrane which guards the entrance to the lower respiratory passages and houses the vocal cords. For protection, respiration & phonation.
Larynx
50
Consists of epiglottis, AE folds, arytenoids and FVCs.
Supraglottis
51
Consists of TVCs, ant & post commissure.
Glottis
52
Consists of lower limit of glottis to lower margin of cricoid.
Subglottis
53
Laryngeal membranes: between arytenoids & epiglottis. Upper is AE folds & Lower is Vestibular fold.
Quadrangular membrane
54
Laryngeal membranes: between thyroid & cricoid & arytenoid. Upper is vocal ligament.
Conus Elasticus
55
Role in localization of laryngeal pathologies. Upper & lower parts of epiglottis, between superior surface of vocal fold & ventricle, between inferior face of vocal fold & lower larynx & lower trachea. Fragile in nature.
Laryngeal mucosa
56
Nonvibratory mass complex
Vocalis muscle
57
Regulation of vocal cord tension is accomplished primarily by pivoting the _________ forward or backward at the _________.
Thyroid cartilage. Cricothyroid joint.
58
Vocal cords on each side are covered with a __________, so that when they are abducted, relatively little air can pass either between them or around them.
Mucous membrane
59
Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroartenoid vocalis, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid and intearytenoid. Innervated by superior laryngeal nerve cricothyroid.
Intrinsic muscle
60
Muscles of the Quadrangular membrane
Thyroarytenoid, Aryepiglottic & Thyroepiglottic "TAT"
61
Muscles of Conus Elasticus & Arytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid, Arytenoid & Lateral cricoarytenoid "PAL"
62
Muscles primarily responsible for regulating the tension of the vocal cords.
Cricothyroid muscle
63
Lie parallel and inferior to the vocal cords control fine adjustment of vocal cord tension.
Small Vocales muscle
64
Is the only abductor of the vocal cords
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
65
Major abductors of the vocal cords are
Lateral cricoarytenoid, Arytenoideus muscles & Thyroarytenoid "LAT"
66
The muscles which are mainly responsible for the closing of the vestibule
Thyroepiglotticus, Aryepiglotticus & Thyroarytenoid

Anatomy (14 decks)

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