Reproduction

Question 1

Role of Ovaries

Answer 1

Secrete oestrogen and progesterone

Question 2

Role of testosterone

Answer 2

Controls the development of male secondary sexual characters and aid sperm production

Question 3

Role of pituitary gland

Answer 3

Releases LH and FSH

Question 4

What is release of LH and FSH controlled by?

Answer 4

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), which is released by the hypothalamus

Question 5

3 main steps of gametogenesis

Answer 5

Proliferation of germ cells

Meiosis

Maturation

Question 6

Temperature for spermatogenesis

Answer 6

Slightly lower than body temperature

Question 7

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 7

Fructose

Prostaglandin

Question 8

What is the role of the seminal vesicles?

Answer 8

Provides 60% of semen volume

Secretes fibrinogen

Question 9

Role of the prostate

Answer 9

Secretes alkaline fluid & citric acid

Provides clotting enzymes & PSA

Question 10

Role of bulbourethral gland

Answer 10

Produces mucus like substance

Question 11

Male accessory sex glands

Answer 11

Seminal vesicles

Prostate

Bulbourethral gland

Question 12

How many seminiferous tubules are in each testing?

Answer 12

400-600

Question 13

What are the testes mostly made of?

Answer 13

seminiferous tubules

Question 14

How many spermatozoa do the semiferous tubules produce per day?

Answer 14

100 million

Question 15

Walls of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 15

Contain primitive germ cells which mature and move to the lumen

Question 16

Where do the seminiferous tubules drain into?

Answer 16

The head of the epididymis and then the vas deferens

Question 17

What cells are found in between the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 17

Leydig or interstitial cells

Question 18

Role of leydig and interstital cells

Answer 18

Produce testosterone by LH

Question 19

Sertoli cells

Answer 19

Support cells in the seminiferous tubules

Regulators for spermatogenesis

Glycogen rich

Question 20

How long does spermatogenesis take?

Answer 20

74 days

Question 21

What do primitive germ cells mature into?

Answer 21

Primary spermatocytes

Question 22

What happens to the primary spermatocytes?

Answer 22

Undergo meiosis, dividing into secondary spermatocytes and then spermatids

Question 23

What do spermatids mature into?

Answer 23

Spermatozoa

Question 24

Number of spermatids formed from a single spermatogonium

Answer 24

512

Question 25

When do spermatozoa acquire mobility?

Answer 25

Forward motility is acquired in the epididymis and involves protein activation

Question 26

What is the primary oocyte surrounded by?

Answer 26

Follicular cells

Question 27

Role of oestrogen

Answer 27

Controls the development of secondary sexual characters

Question 28

Role of progesterone

Answer 28

Stimulating uterine changes during the menstrual cycle Affecting the breast tissue development

Question 29

What makes oestrogen in oogenesis?

Answer 29

Granulosa cells Theca interna

Question 30

What happens on the 14th day of the cycle?

Answer 30

The follicle ruptures, releasing the ovum (ovulation)

Question 31

What happens just before ovulation?

Answer 31

The first meiotic division is completed

Question 32

When does the second meiotic division begin and end?

Answer 32

The secondary oocyte (ovum) immediately begins the second meiotic division once it is released It stops at metaphase and is only completed when a sperm enters the oocyte

Question 33

Where are the fallopian tubes located?

Answer 33

Extend from the uterus to the ovaries

Question 34

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 34

Fallopian tube

Question 35

What do the fallopian tubes contain to help move the egg?

Answer 35

Cilia

Question 36

Fimbrae

Answer 36

Located on the ends of cilia Catch the egg as it leaves during ovulation

Question 37

Uterus

Answer 37

Thick muscular sac at the front of the pelvic cavity

Question 38

Where is the uterus located?

Answer 38

Just behind the urinary bladder

Question 39

Vagina

Answer 39

Muscular tube leading from the vaginal orifice to the uterus

Question 40

Vulva

Answer 40

External organs of the female which are found surrounding the openings of the urethra and the vagina

Question 41

How long is the oocyte viable for?

Answer 41

12-24 hrs

Question 42

What triggers 2nd meiotic division?

Answer 42

Sperm contact with egg membrane

Question 43

Morula

Answer 43

Ball of approx 64 cells Totipotent cells