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My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

External Genitalia in men:

A

Penis and Scrotum

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2
Q

Scrotum houses what organ that produces sperm?

A

Testes

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3
Q

What is the body of the penis called?

A

Shaft

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4
Q

What is the head of the penis called?

A

Glans Penis

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5
Q

The glans penis contains the ____________, for sperm to exit through the ______________

A

Urethral Orifice, Urethra

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6
Q

The loose skin covering the penis at birth is called:

A

Prepuce/Foreskin

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7
Q

The process to remove the prepuce/foreskin at birth

A

Circumcision

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8
Q

The tightly coiled sperm-producing factories in the testes

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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9
Q

The white, viscous secretion with a slight alkaline pH that houses sperm

A

Semen

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10
Q

Paired sacs located at the base of the bladder that secretes a thick, yellow fluid to nourish and activate sperm

A

Seminal Vesicles

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11
Q

Small glands that secrete a clear fluid into the urethra during sexual arousal

A

Bubourethral Glands

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12
Q

Gland located below the bladder that secretes a thin milky fluid that increases sperm motility

A

Prostate Gland

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13
Q

Puberty is marked by the secretion of what hormone?

A

Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone(GnRH)

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14
Q

What hormone prompts the testes to secrete testosterone?

A

Luteinizing Hormone(LH)

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15
Q

What hormone stimulates sperm production?

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone(FSH)

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16
Q

What are some examples of secondary sex characteristics?

A

Pubic hair, facial hair, thicker skin, deepening of voice, increased activity of sweat glands

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17
Q

A procedure to detect tumors, allows palpation of the prostate gland

A

Digital Rectal Examination(DRE)

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18
Q

An antigen measured to determine the risk of prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia

A

Prostate-Specific Antigen(PSA)

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19
Q

Assesses how well the bladder and urethra are storing and releasing urine

A

Urodynamic Testing

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20
Q

An imaging technique used to view the urethra and bladder

A

Cystoscopy

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21
Q

A fat pad that covers the joint connecting two pubic bones in women:

A

Mons Pubis

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22
Q

Vaginal lips that encase and protect external reproductive organs and vaginal/urethral openings, respectively

A

Labia Majora and Labia Minora

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23
Q

A tuft of erectile tissue of sexual arousal and pleasure

A

Clitoris

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24
Q

Small tube-like structure that functions to drain urine from bladder

A

Urethral Opening

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25
Q

Space between rectal and vaginal openings, aids in constriction of openings

A

Perineum

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26
Q

Located at the sides of vaginal entrance, produces lubricant during intercourse

A

Greater Vestibular Glands(Bartholin’s Glands)

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27
Q

Small circular structures of the uterus that function to produce ova and certain hormones

A

Ovaries

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28
Q

Site of fertilization, transports ova from the ovaries to the uterus

A

Fallopian Tubes

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29
Q

Projections that push ova into tube

A

Fimbriae

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30
Q

Hollow round organ between bladder and rectum

A

Uterus

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31
Q

A narrow portion of the uterus that extends into into the vagina

A

Cervix

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32
Q

Inner lining of the uterus, where fertilized egg implantation occurs at pregnancy

A

Endometrium

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33
Q

A thin walled muscular tube that connects uterus to external genitalia

A

Vagina

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34
Q

What hormone initiates ovarian follicle development, allowing for secretion of estrogen and progesterone?

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone(FSH)

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35
Q

What hormone helps control menstrual cycle and triggers ovulation?

A

Luteinizing Hormone(LH)

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36
Q

What hormone is responsible for breast development and such during puberty?

A

Estrogen

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37
Q

The first menstrual period, _________, commonly arrives at age _______

A

Menarche, 12

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38
Q

The first phase of the reproductive cycle

A

Menstruation Phase

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39
Q

Vaginal bleeding is also known as

A

Menstruation

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40
Q

During this second phase of the reproductive system, FSH triggers the release of estrogen and progesterone, promoting endometrial thickening

A

Follicular Phase

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41
Q

Third phase of the reproductive system, also the midpoint of the cycle, peak in estrogen levels and spike in LH levels, causing release of ovum into fallopian tubes

A

Ovulation

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42
Q

Final phase of reproductive system, empty follicle is converted into corpus luteum, drop in estrogen and progesterone levels, causing cycle to start over at the menstruation phase

A

Luteal Phase

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43
Q

A protein tumor marker that can be used to diagnose ovarian and endometrial cancer

A

CA 125

44
Q

A test used to determine changes in cervical cells

A

Pap Test

45
Q

A procedure to dilate the cervix and remove part of the endometrial lining

A

Dilation and Curettage(D&C)

46
Q

Used to examine the female reproductive organs

A

Laparoscopy

47
Q

Used to visualize the cervix

A

Colposcopy

48
Q

Used to visualize uterine lining

A

Hysteroscopy

49
Q

X-ray examination of breast tissue

A

Mammography

50
Q

The inflammation or infection of the prostate gland

A

Prostatitis

51
Q

Category 1 type Prostatitis is called:

A

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

52
Q

Similar to Category 1 Prostatitis, but symptoms come slowly and wax and wane

A

Category 2, Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

53
Q

Similar to Category 2 Prostatitis, but without the fever

A

Category 3, Chronic Prostatitis(Pelvic Pain Syndrome)

54
Q

A type of prostatitis that is found with examination, usually doesn’t need treatment

A

Category 4, Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis

55
Q

Inflammation of epididymus

A

Epididymitis

56
Q

The 4 organs in the duct system in men:

A

Epididymis, Ductus, Deferens, and Urethra

57
Q

The inflammation of testes, caused by a viral or bacterial infection

A

Orchitis

58
Q

Failure of testes to descend from abdominal cavity, where fetal scrotum development occurs

A

Cryptorchidism

59
Q

Common problem in older males, the enlargement of the prostate glands

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH)

60
Q

A malignant tumor on the prostate gland

A

Prostate Cancer

61
Q

Never been able to complete intercourse successfully,

A

Primary ED

62
Q

Achieved intercourse successfully at least once

A

Secondary ED

63
Q

The inability for a male to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient enough for intercourse

A

Erectile Dysfunction(ED)

64
Q

The infection of one or more upper reproductive organs in women

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)

65
Q

Most important risk factor for cervical cancer in women

A

Human Papillomavirus(HPV)

66
Q

Benign tumours of uterine smooth muscles, are the most common tumours of female reproductive system

A

Leiomyomas

67
Q

Malignant neoplasm that forms in ovarian tissue

A

Ovarian Cancer

68
Q

Malignant tumor that forms in tissues, glands or ducts of breast

A

Breast Cancer

69
Q

Non life-threatening, most common benign tumor of the breast

A

Fibroadenomas

70
Q

Fluid filled sacs within breast tissue

A

Breast Cysts

71
Q

Most common in women of child-bearing age, includes fibrosis and breast cyst formation

A

Fibrocystic Breast Changes(FBC)

72
Q

The absence of menstrual periods

A

Amenorrhea

73
Q

Menstruation fails to begin by 16 years of age

A

Primary Amenorrhea

74
Q

No menstruation periods for 3-6 months or longer

A

Secondary Amenorrhea

75
Q

Characterized by painful or difficult menses

A

Dysmenorrhea

76
Q

No physical abnormalities, may be caused by prostaglandins

A

Primary Dysmenorrhea

77
Q

Involves underlying physical condition, caused by PID or tumours

A

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

78
Q

Excessive or prolonged bleeding during menstruation

A

Menorrhagia

79
Q

Characterized by bleeding between menstrual periods or extreme irregularity of the menstrual cycle

A

Metorrhagia

80
Q

A group of symptoms that start 1-2 weeks before menstruation and end with menses onset

A

Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS)

81
Q

A severe form of PMS that occur in some women, can interfere significantly in lives

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder(PMDD)

82
Q

Characterized by uterine tissue embedding itself outside the uterus

A

Endometriosus

83
Q

Endometrial Cysts are also known as:

A

Endometriomas

84
Q

A disorder of pregnancy, when the fertilized ovum implants in a tissue other than the uterus

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

85
Q

The loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy(usually between the 7th and 12th weeks)

A

Spontaneous Abortion/Miscarriage

86
Q

A disorder of pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure and excess protein in urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy

A

Preeclampsia

87
Q

Increased metabolic demands during pregnancy, requiring greater levels of insulin

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GMD)

88
Q

The termination of menstrual periods, typically occurs between age 45 and 55

A

Menopause

89
Q

The sliding of the uterus from its normal position in the pelvic cavity into the vaginal canal

A

Uterine Prolapse

90
Q

The downward displacement of the urinary bladder into the vagina

A

Cystocele

91
Q

The bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina

A

Rectocele

92
Q

What does STIs stand for?

A

Sexually Transmitted Infections

93
Q

What can cause STIs?

A

Bacteria, Viruses and Protozoans

94
Q

Bacterial infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact and during childbirth, caused gram-negative coccus bacterium Neisseria Gonorrhoae

A

Gonorrhea

95
Q

STI caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidum, can be transmitted through sexual contact and contact with syphilis chancre(genital wart)

A

Syphilis

96
Q

STI caused by bacterium Chlamydia Trachomatis, transmitted by sexual contact and during vaginal childbirth

A

Chlamydia

97
Q

What is chlamydia also known as?

A

Silent Disease

98
Q

An STI caused by the protozoan Trichomonas Vaginalis

A

Trichomoniasis

99
Q

An STI caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus, spread through mouth secretions or genitals

A

Genital Herpes

100
Q

Type of Herpes that affects the mouth and lips, causing sores and blisters , spreading from mouth to genitals during oral sex

A

HSV-1(Herpes Simplex 1)

101
Q

Causes genital herpes, more common in women

A

HSV-2(Herpes Simplex 2)

102
Q

Consists of one or more benign neoplastic growths on epidermis of genitalia

A

Genital Warts

103
Q

What 2 viruses cause 90% of genital warts?

A

HPV-6 and HPV-11

104
Q

What metabolite of testosterone is DPH is directly dependant?

A

Dihydrotestosterone(DHT)

105
Q

What is known to stimulate the growth of prostatic cancer?

A

Testosterone

My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) (10 decks)

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