Reproductive

Question 1

continuing the human race
regulates sex hormones involved with determination of sex and secondary characteristics such as breasts or defined muscles

Answer 1

function of reproductive system

Question 2

male: XY
female: XX

Answer 2

what is the notation for the different sexes?

Question 3

diamond shaped area between the thighs
anterior border is pubic symphysis, later border is ischial tuberosity and posterior border is coccyx

Answer 3

perineum

Question 4

contain clitoris, urethral and vaginal offices in females, and base of penis and scrotum in males

Answer 4

urogenital triangle

Question 5

location of anus in both sexes

Answer 5

anal triangle

Question 6

where a fetus grows, contains a lining that sheds known as a females’ period

Answer 6

uterus

Question 7

site of female gamete production, storage and release

Answer 7

ovary

Question 8

extension of uterus that gamete (egg) travels down from ovary to uterus

Answer 8

fallopian tube

Question 9

narrowing and distal end of uterus that separates internal uterine environment from the outside

Answer 9

cervix

Question 10

inferior most part that contracts the uterus to the outside of the body

Answer 10

vagina

Question 11

broad ligament
suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament
round ligament

Answer 11

ligaments in female reproductive system

Question 12

covers whole uterus, tubes and ovaries to hold them in place and protect them. Divided in 3 sections.
1. Mesometrium: covers the uterus
2. mesosalpinx: covers fallopian tube
3. mesovarium: attaches ovaries to the rest of the broad ligament

Answer 12

what is the broad ligament?

Question 13

attaches to the later edge of each ovary and connects it to the lateral pelvic wall
- ovarian artery and vein run within this ligament to supply the ovaries

Answer 13

what is the suspensory ligament?

Question 14

connects the ovary to the uterus to hold it in place

Answer 14

what is the ovarian ligament?

Question 15

originates on the lateral exterior wall of the uterus and projects down through the inguinal area to attach to the labia majora

Answer 15

what is the round ligament?

Question 16

in ovary, where the mesovarium attaches to the ovary

Answer 16

hilum

Question 17

connective tissue capsule that surrounds ovary

Answer 17

tunica albuginea

Question 18

outer ‘edge’ of ovary tissue that contains ovarian follicles

Answer 18

cortex

Question 19

inner portion of ovary composed of areolar CT and contains ovarian blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Answer 19

medulla

Question 20

connects rest of the fallopian tube to the uterus, narrowest part

Answer 20

uterine part

Question 21

extends medially from the ampulla toward the lateral wall of uterus and forms 1/3 of the fallopian tube

Answer 21

isthmus of fallopian tubes

Question 22

expanded region of the fallopian tube. Fertilization of secondary oocyte usually occurs here

Answer 22

ampulla

Question 23

free, funnel-shaped, lateral margin of tube
- has any finger- like fimbriae that rests on top of ovary during ovulation, but not directly attached

Answer 23

infundibulum

Question 24

broad, curved superior regions extending between the lateral attachments of the fallopian tubes

Answer 24

fundus of uterus

Question 25

major part, middle region composed of thick walls of smooth muscle. Contains the majority of the uterus lumen

Answer 25

body of uterus

Question 26

narrow, constricted inferior region of body that is directly superior to cervix

Answer 26

isthmus of uterus

Question 27

narrow inferior portion of uterus that projects into the vagina - **cervix**: protrusion of inferior end of uterus into the vagina - **external os**: small opening of cervix that opens into lumen of the uterus

Answer 27

cervix of uterus

Question 28

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

Answer 28

layers of the uterus

Question 29

outer tunic serosa, continuos with broad ligament

Answer 29

what is the perimetrium

Question 30

thick muscular layer composed on 3 intertwining layers of smooth muscle, in charge of contractions and cramps

Answer 30

what is the myometrium

Question 31

simple columnar epithelia with an underlying lamina propria - **basal layer**: adjacent to myometrium and permanent - **functional layer**: grows during puberty and shed as menses if fertilization doesn't take place

Answer 31

what is the endometrium

Question 32

- thick walled fibromuscular tube that forms the innermost region that connects the uterus to the outside of body - functions as birth canal - copulatory organ, receives penis during intercourse - passageway of menstruation - contains the vaginal orifice

Answer 32

describe the vagina

Question 33

external opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body

Answer 33

what is the vaginal orifice?

Question 34

expanse of skin and subcutaneous tissue immediately anterior to pubic symphysis

Answer 34

mons pubis

Question 35

paired, thick folds of skin and CT contains sweat glands and covered in pubic hair

Answer 35

labia majora

Question 36

paired, folds internal to labia majora no hair, highly vascularized CT

Answer 36

labia minora

Question 37

space between the labia minora

Answer 37

vestibule of vagina

Question 38

paired gland openings onto vulvar surface

Answer 38

vestibular glands openings

Question 39

very end of the clitoris (glans) covered by a fold of the labia minora (prepuce)

Answer 39

prepuce and glans of clitoris

Question 40

formed by 2 small erectile bodies called corpora cavernosa

Answer 40

body of clitoris

Question 41

extensions of each bodies that attach to the pubic arch | female

Answer 41

crus of clitoris

Question 42

erectile body on either side of the vaginal orifice that becomes erect during intercourse

Answer 42

bulb of vestibule of vagina

Question 43

paired glands that secrete mucin which forms mucus to act as a lubricant for vagina. Secretion increases during intercourse

Answer 43

greater vestibular glands

Question 44

fibrous connective bands that extend from the skin to attach to the deep fascia overlying pectorals major muscle to support breasts

Answer 44

suspensory ligaments

Question 45

divisions of mammary glands - further divided into lobules and further divided into alveoli that produce milk

Answer 45

lobes of mammary glands

Question 46

drains breast milk from a single breast lobe. Widens and drains into the sinus as it approaches the nipple

Answer 46

lactiferous ducts

Question 47

space where milk is stored prior to release from nipple

Answer 47

lactiferous sinus

Question 48

pigmented ring of skin around nipple areolar glands: sebaceous glands that form a bumpy surface

Answer 48

areola

Question 49

cylindrical projection of the center of breast. Contains multiple openings of excretory ducts that transport breast milk

Answer 49

nipple

Question 50

testes - penis is the male organ of copulation: urethra travels from the bladder through penis to transport urine outside body

Answer 50

what is the primary sex organ for males?

Question 51

complex set of ducts and tubules leading from the testes to the penis, a group of male accessory glands and the penis

Answer 51

accessory reproductive organs for males

Question 52

skin covered sac between thighs that provides a cooler environment needed for normal sperm development

Answer 52

scrotum

Question 53

- raphae: ridgelike seam at the midline - scrotum wall: external layer of skin, directly underneath the skin is a thin layer superficial - fascia covers a smooth muscle called the dartos muscle (which is responsible for pulling the testes closer to the body for warmth)

Answer 53

external anatomy of the scrotum

Question 54

blood vessels and nerves to the testes travel from within the abdomen to scrotum - originates in inguinal canal

Answer 54

spermatic cord

Question 55

a tubelike passageway through the inferior abdominal wall

Answer 55

what is the inguinal canal

Question 56

extension of the abdominal wall - internal spermatic fascia - cremaster muscle - external spermatic fascia

Answer 56

spermatic cord wall

Question 57

formed from muscle fiber

Answer 57

what is the cremaster muscle from spermatic cord wall?

Question 58

formed from external oblique muscle fascia

Answer 58

what is the external spermatic fascia from spermatic cord wall?

Question 59

duct that connects testes with the outside of the body to move sperm out through the penis

Answer 59

vas deferens

Question 60

single artery that is a direct branch off the abdominal aorta to supply the testes

Answer 60

testicular artery

Question 61

network of veins that surround the artery to regulate temp of blood going to the testes

Answer 61

pampiniform plexus

Question 62

travels with these vessels and innervates the testes

Answer 62

autonomic nerves of spermatic cord

Question 63

produce sperm and androgens Testes are divided into lobules, separated by projections of the tunica albuginea called septa. Each lobule contains coiled seminiferous tubules which is where cells that become sperm and support sperm generation are located

Answer 63

what are testes?

Question 64

visceral and parietal layers that cover testes. separated layers by serous fluid

Answer 64

what is the tunica vaginalis

Question 65

thick fibrous capsule covering whole testes, deep to the visceral layer. Rigid

Answer 65

tunica albuginea

Question 66

- sperm develop initially into seminiferous tubules located in the lobules of testes - passing through the ducts, they enter the epidermis where sperm are stored until mature (if sperm don't leave the body, they are reabsorbed) - From the epididymis, sperm will travel into vas deferens up into abdominal cavity

Answer 66

describe sperm movement

Question 67

conducts sperm from the vas deferens and seminal fluid from seminal vesicle toward the prostate urethra

Answer 67

ejaculatory duct

Question 68

dilated internal to the body and composed of the bulb, crura, body, and glans of penis

Answer 68

root of penis

Question 69

internal extensions of corpus spongiosum (erectile tissue)

Answer 69

bulb of penis

Question 70

two internal extensions of corpus cavernosa (extra erectile tissue)

Answer 70

crura of penis

Question 71

shaft, elongated movable portion, composed of 3 cylindrical erectile bodies

Answer 71

body of penis

Question 72

very tip of penis covered by a prepuce (foreskin)

Answer 72

glans of penis

Question 73

found at the tip of glans of penis to provide an exit for urine and semen

Answer 73

external urethral orifice

Question 74

- paired erectile bodies - make up the dorsal part of penis - each have a central artery running through that supplies blood to bodies for erection - bound together by tunica albuginea - filled with venous spaces where blood fills them and makes them rigid

Answer 74

corpora cavernosa

Question 75

- inferior erectile body that houses the spongy urethra - runs along midline and underside of penis - also bound in tunica albuginea

Answer 75

corpus spongiosum

Question 76

to produce fluid that helps neutralize the acidity of the vagina, otherwise sperm would not survive. It also nourishes sperm as they potentially travel through female repro system.

Answer 76

what is the purpose for glands in the male repro system?

Question 77

Located on the posterior surface of urinary bladder, lateral to ampulla - medial portion connects with ampulla to form ejaculatory duct - fluid secreted contains fructose, prostaglandins and bicarbonate

Answer 77

seminal vesicle

Question 78

Paired glands within the pelvic floor muscles on either side of membranous urethra. - secrete a clear viscous mucin that forms mucus (which lubricates urethra prior to ejaculation)

Answer 78

bulboreurethral gland

Question 79

Walnut shaped, immediately inferior to the bladder - fluid contains citric acid, seminal plasmin and prostate-specific antigen

Answer 79

prostate gland

Question 80

what structures, one in male and one in female, does tunica albeginae cover?

Answer 80

ovaries, testes