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NPLEX > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

(presynaptic) Parasympathetic
Merge with the hypogastric nerves

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2
Q

Pelvic pain line

A

course of visceral pain sensation

Structures ABOVE demonstrate sympathetic pelvic splanchic nerves

Structures BELOW inferior peritoneum convey parasympathetic pelvic splanchic nerves

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3
Q

Pelvic Arteries

(that enter the lesser pelvis)

A
  1. Internal iliac arteries
    1.A anterior division provides visceral branches (to ORGANS)2.B Posterior division provides parietal branches to (CONNECTIVE TISSUE) or parietal branches

*these are both branches off the common iliac

  1. Testicular or Ovarian Arteries
  2. Median sacral artery
  3. Superior Rectal A
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4
Q

Pelvic Veins

A

Drained mainly by the internal iliac veins

  1. superior rectal veins
  2. Median sacral vein
  3. Gonadal veins
  4. Internal vertebral venous plexus
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5
Q

Ureters pass over pelvic brim @…

A

the height of bifurcation of common ilaic arteries

they pass inferiomedially to bladder

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6
Q

ADD

A
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7
Q

ADD

A
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8
Q

Ductus Deferens

A
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9
Q

Seminal Glands

A
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10
Q

Prostate

A

fibrous capsule of the prostate that encapsulates the nerves and veins

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11
Q

Penis

A

three erectile cavernous tissue:
1. corpora cavernosa x2
2. corpus spongiosum ventrally

fibrous outer covering or capsule – tunica albuginea

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12
Q

Vagina vasculature

A

uterine artery (supplies the superior portion of the vagina)

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13
Q

Skene’s Glands

A

Paraurethral glands

a pair of glands that lubricates external genitalia

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14
Q

Bartholin’s Glands

A

vulvovaginal glands
- on either side of vagina
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15
Q

Vulva

A

External pudental artery
internal pudental artery
- supplies skin, external genitalia, and ADD

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16
Q

Uterus

A

ligament of ovary (attaches posterior inferior)

round ligament of the uterus (attaches anterior inferiorly)

broad ligament of uterus (double layer of peritoneum, extends to lateral walls and floor of pelvis)

  • keeps uterus centered and contains ovaries, uterine tubes and their vasculature

Suspensory ligament of ovary (superiorly over the ovary)

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17
Q

Uterine Tubes

A
  1. interstital / intramural
  2. Isthmus – narrowest portion
  3. Ampulla (middle widest part / site for fertilization)
  4. Infundibulum has fimbriae
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18
Q

Rectum

A

rectosigmoid function is at level of S3

rectum ends at anteriorinferior to the tip of coccyx where rectum becomes the anal canal

Ampulla of the rectum is the dilated terminal part for retaining feces

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19
Q

Blood supply to rectum

A

superior rectal artery (innervates proximal part)

middle rectal arteries

inferior rectal arteries (arrise from the internal pudenal arteries)

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20
Q

Venous drainage of rectum

A

submucosal rectal venous plexus surrounds the rectum and communcates with the vesical venous plexus in males

and uterovaginal venous plexis in females

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21
Q

Pudendal canal

A

horizontal passageway in the obturator fascia

  • lesser sciatic notch to the ischial spine

bifurcation gives rise to
1. perineal nerve and artery
2. dorsal artery of penis or cliterous (sensory nerve)

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22
Q

Breast tissue

A

ADD

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23
Q

Testes

Study These Flashcards
A

Seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

Meiosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Sister chromatids
- each chromosome contains two, identical, joined by a centromere

Homologoous pairs of chromosomes
- one member of each pair is from paternal chromosome and one member is from maternal chromosome
- they look alike and code for the same genes that code for the same traits

Nonsister chromatids
- within homologous pairs, chromatids of 1 chromosome are nonsister chromatides to chromosome in pair
- nonsister chromatids exchange DNA through crossing over to increase genetic variability

25
Meiosis chromosome terms
Diploid (2n, 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes or 46 total) Haploid (n - 23 chromosomes total) When TWO HAPLOIDS meet they form a diploid called a zygote
26
Steps of Meiosis I
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
27
Meiosis II
cells are haploid at the end or "daughter haploid cells"
28
Pathway of sperm
seminiferous tubules straight tubule rete testis efferent ductules epididymis THEN epididymus fuctus deferenes ejaculatory duct urethra
29
Regions of urethra
1. prostatic urethra 2. intermediate part of the urethra 3. spongy urethra ... corpus spongiosum (surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and blub of penis) ... corpora cavernosa: paired dorsal erectile bodies
30
Sertoli cells (Sustentocytes)
Surround the spermatogonium Contain tight junctions; 1. basal compartment (basal lamina to tight junctions) -- spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes 2. Adluminal compartment: internal to tight junction -- area where meiotically active cells and tubule lumen are loacted tight junctions form the blood testis barrier
31
Sertoli Function
ADD
32
Suspensory ligments of breast tissue
attach breast to underlying muscle
33
Ovaries are held in place by...
1. Ovarian Ligament 2. Suspensory ligament 3. Mesovarium
34
Ovarian ligaments
1. Broad ligament a. mesosalpinx b. mesovarium c. mesometrium 2. Ovarian ligament 3. Round ligament of uterus
35
Primordial follicles
All of them are present at birth
36
primary follicles (in oogenisis)
have a single lay er of cuboidal pre-granulosa cells surrounding primary oocytesec
37
secondary follicles
have multiple layers of granulosa eclls surrounding primary oocyte
38
Vesicular (antral) follicules
have fluid filled cavities called antrum
39
40
Atresia
apoptosis of oocute and surrounding cells - 99.9% of all follicles are never recruited
41
Maturation of follicles
Follicles and oocytes amy take nearly a year to mature before ovulation can occur phase 1: gonadotropin-independent pre-antral phase involves intrafollicular paracrines phase 2: antral phase stimulated by FSH and LH - dominant follicle is selected - primary oocyte resumes meiosis I
42
Oogenesis Events
Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary follicle Vescular (antral) follicle Ovulated secondary Oocyte Corpus luteum (develops from ruptured follicle)
43
Theca folliculi
thecal cells secrete hormone in response to LH
44
Polar body
after the division of meiosis I is complete... TWO haploid cells of different sizes are produced 1. First polar body: smaller cell that is almost devoid of cytoplasm 2. Secondary Oocyte: large cell with almost all mother cell cytoplasm and organelles
45
Ovarian Cycle
28 day hormone cycle / infradian rhythm
46
identical twins
1 oocyte, that separates into two daughter cells
47
Mittelschmerz
twinge of pain sometimes felt at ovulation by some women
48
Fraternal twins
1-2% of ovulations release more than one secondary oocyte
49
corpus luteum purpose
produces hormones taht sustain pregnancy until placenta takes over
50
Leptin
if ENOUGH leptin.... hypothalamus becomes less estrogen-sensitive GnRH is released FSH and LH are released from stimulated pituitary to act on ovaries
51
GnRH stimulates...
FSH and LH secretion
52
FSH and LH stimulate...
stimulate follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones FSH -- stimulates granulosa cells to release estrogen LH -- prods thecal cells to produce androgens; granulosa converts to estrogens
53
what triggers ovulation
LH surge and the formation of the corpus luteum
54
sex hormones travel how
they bind intracellularly when bound to proteins
55
oxytocin
produced in hypothalamus, stored and released by POSTERIOR PITUITARY stimulates milk ejection and uterine contractions
56
prolactin
Produced in anterior pituitary Stimulates milk production
57

NPLEX (15 decks)

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