Reproductive failure 1

Question 1

Give some examples of pre mating examinations

Answer 1

• Clinical exam
• ortho exam
• x-rays
• genetic screening
• tests for infectious causes
• special breed specific health tests

Question 2

What considerations need to be made prior to breeding?

Answer 2

• History (previous pregnancies, management of neonates and preveous neonatal diseases of the litter)
• Time of breeding (oestrus detection, owners schedule)
• bring female to male? (transport, male to female?, semen quality and numbers, AI or transcervical insemination)

Question 3

What three cell types are seen on vaginal smears? (list smallest to largest)

Answer 3

• Parabasal cells
• Intermediate cells
• superficial cells

Question 4

What is a superficial cell referred to as when it lacks a nucleus?

Answer 4

Fully cornified

Question 5

Which phase of the cycles are intermediate cells commonly seen?

Answer 5

o Prevalent through all stages except oestrus

Question 5

Which phase of the cycles are parabasal cells commonly seen?

Answer 5

o Common in dioestrus, really common in anoestrus and you also see them in early proestrus

Question 6

Is there a way to see if a bitch has been speyed that is not surgical?

Answer 6

Yes, whats known as a ICG test. Entire bitch will only test positive in oestrus, a speyed bitch will continuously test positive.

Question 6

Which phase of the cycles are superficial cells commonly seen?

Answer 6

o Most prevalent in oestrus but also seen in proestrus and small amounts in dioestrus

Question 7

What are some examples of aquired non infectious causes of reproductive failure?

Answer 7

• Management
• Physiologic
• Disorders of growth (e.g. tumour)
• Environment (e.g. toxins, drugs, vaccines)
• Metabolic (puerperal tetany, eclampsia, hypocalcaemia, preg tox)
• Endocrine (pregnancy diabetes, hypothyroid, hormonal impalance, ypo/hyperadrenocorticism and dioestrus acromegaly)
• Nutritional (taurine deficiency, vit A deficiency, folate deficiency or preservatives in pet food)
• Trauma
• Immune mediated/Idiopathic (uterine torsion, umbilical cord aplasia, extrauterine mummified foetuses [ectopic preg])
• Secondary to systemic disease

Question 8

What is involved in investigating post pregnancy loss?

Answer 8

• Physical examination
• Culture & sensitivity
• Toxicology
• Histology
• Pathology
• Molecular tests
• cytogenetic evaluation
• Mum (History, Physical examination, outine blood tests, environmental, serology, and cytology)