reproductive system

Question 1

Male and female external genitalia develop from the same primordial structures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Resolution phase of the male sexual response is followed by a refractory period, during which the man cannot attain another erection.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Puberty is initiated when the hypothalamus significantly increases secretion of

Answer 3

nadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 4

The normal chromosome number in a human cell is

Answer 4

46

Question 5

During embryonic development, male reproductive organs develop as a result of which of the following factors?

Answer 5

Testis-determining factor (TDF) region on the Y chromosome

Question 6

The developing ___________ cells are responsible for influencing the development of male reproductive structures through the production of anti-Mullerian hormone.

Answer 6

sustentacular

Question 7

A female is born with approximately 1.5 million _____ follicles, and these are the only follicle type that develops before puberty.

Answer 7

primordial

Question 8

Ovulation involves the release of the _____________ from a vesicular follicle.

Answer 8

secondary oocyte

Question 9

What are the phases of the male sexual response? Check all that apply.

Answer 9

Refractory periodRefractory period Incorrect
Excitement phaseExcitement phase Correct
Resolution phaseResolution phase Correct
Orgasm

Question 10

The primary target cells for GnRH are located in the

Answer 10

anterior pituitary gland.

Question 11

The anterior border to the perineum is the

Answer 11

pubic symphysis.

Question 12

The perineum consists of an anterior

Answer 12

urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle.

Question 13

In both males and females, primary sex organs called _________________ produce the gametes.

Answer 13

Gonads

Question 14

When a cell’s genetic content is designated as 1n, the cell is said to be _________.

Answer 14

Haploid

Question 15

A reduction division is one in which

Answer 15

the daughter cells receive only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell had.

Question 16

A child has the same number of chromosomes as each of his parents. This is because the gametes that combined when that child was conceived each contained _____ chromosomes.

Answer 16

23

Question 17

Sister chromatids are pulled apart in

Answer 17

anaphase II.

Question 18

Normally, the uterus is angled anterosuperiorly within the body, a position referred to as _________________.

Answer 18

anteverted

Question 19

Progesterone levels are highest during the ________ phase.

Answer 19

luteal

Question 20

The fold of the labia minora that forms a hood over the clitoris is the ________.

Answer 20

prepuce

Question 21

Throughout childhood, primary oocytes are arrested in

Answer 21

prophase I.

Question 22

The portion of the uterine wall that includes the basal layer is the

Answer 22

endometrium.

Question 23

The rete testis

Answer 23

receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules.

Question 24

Where are spermatozoa stored until they are fully mature?

Answer 24

Epididymis

Question 25

Which of the male accessory glands encircles the urethra?

Answer 25

Prostate gland

Question 26

The external urethral orifice is found at the _________ of the penis.

Answer 26

glans

Question 27

What structures fuse during female development to form the uterus?

Answer 27

The caudal ends of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 28

The expression of the ________ gene results in the production of proteins that stimulate synthesis of androgens that initiate development af a male phenotype.

Answer 28

SRY

Question 29

_____ is a period in adolescence where the reproductive organs become fully functional and the external sex characteristics become more prominent.

Answer 29

puberty

Question 30

Oxytocin is released from the fetus and plays a role in true labor.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The dimples trait exhibits strict dominant-recessive inheritance. Therefore, how many phenotypes are possible for this trait?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

In general, the longer the gestation period and the greater the birth weight, the chance that medical problems will occur are

Answer 32

less likely.

Question 33

If an individual has a particular genotype, the expected phenotype is always exhibited.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

During pregnancy, the placenta secretes __________, which helps stimulate a darkening of the areolae, nipples, and linea alba.

Answer 34

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 35

Which of the following can cause birth defects? Check all that apply.

Answer 35

Radiation, smoking, disease

Question 36

The portion of the trophoblast that first burrows into the endometrial lining is the

Answer 36

syncytiotrophoblast.

Question 37

The pre-embryonic period ends when

Answer 37

the blastocyst implants in the uterus.

Question 38

Which type of gamete remains viable for a longer time after it enters the female reproductive tract?

Answer 38

Sperm

Question 39

Fertilization typically occurs in the _________, and it restores the _________ number of chromosomes.

Answer 39

ampulla of the uterine tube; diploid

Question 40

The maternal portion of the placenta arises from the

Answer 40

functional layer of the uterus.

Question 41

What thin membrane, continuous with the epiblast layer, secretes fluid to bathe the embryo?

Answer 41

Amnion

Question 42

The outermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually helps form the placenta is the

Answer 42

chorion.

Question 43

Approximately when in development does the bilaminar germinal disc begin to form?

Answer 43

Day 8

Question 44

The process by which the three primary germ layers are formed during the third week of development is known as __________.

Answer 44

gastrulation

Question 45

The future head and buttocks regions of the embryo are facilitated by the process of _____________ folding

Answer 45

cephalocaudal

Question 46

The process that involves the fusion of the two sides of the embryonic disc at a newly formed midline, thereby creating a cylindrical embryo is __________ folding.

Answer 46

transverse

Question 47

Increases in weight of the conceptus are largest during the _________ two months of pregnancy.

Answer 47

last

Question 48

Edema and varicose veins in the lower extremities sometimes develop in the third trimester of a pregnancy due to

Answer 48

compression of abdominal blood vessels.

Question 49

One reason that pregnant women's metabolic rates change is that the placenta secretes

Answer 49

human chorionic thyrotropin, which stimulates the thyroid gland and raises metabolic rate.

Question 50

Which statement accurately describes the effects of oxytocin and prostaglandins on uterine contractions?

Answer 50

Both oxytocin and prostaglandins stimulate uterine contraction.

Question 51

Braxton-Hicks contractions are those that occur

Answer 51

during false labor.

Question 52

Upon a newborn's first breath, pulmonary arterioles

Answer 52

dilate.

Question 53

Compared to breast milk, colostrum contains

Answer 53

less fat but more immunoglobulins.

Question 54

Release of breast milk occurs when the hormone __________ stimulates _________ cells to contract.

Answer 54

oxytocin; myoepithelial

Question 55

Someone with the genotype associated with hereditary pancreatitis might not show symptoms of the disorder because the disorder does not have a _________ level of 100%.

Answer 55

penetrance

Question 56

Individuals who are described as heterozygous have different

Answer 56

alleles for a particular trait.