respiration,digestion,metabolism

Question 1

Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open?

Answer 1

Nasopharynx

Question 2

Phagocytic cells of the alveolus are the

Answer 2

alveolar macrophages.

Question 3

Which is not correct about the left lung?

Answer 3

It has an esophageal depression.

Question 4

Activation of sympathetic nerves that innervate lung tissue results in

Answer 4

bronchodilation.

Question 5

During expiration, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals

Answer 5

increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

Question 6

An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a

Answer 6

meatus.

Question 7

Where would you find the trachealis muscle?

Answer 7

Between the esophagus and the trachea

Question 8

Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea?

Answer 8

It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.

Question 9

How long is the average trachea?

Answer 9

12–14 cm

Question 10

The main function of serous fluid is to

Answer 10

friction between pleural membranes around the lung.

Question 11

Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?

Answer 11

Mandible

Question 12

Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with

Answer 12

simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 13

Foreign particles that are not filtered out by the respiratory epithelium are

Answer 13

collected by lymph nodes.

Question 14

Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?

Answer 14

The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

Question 15

The region of the nasal cavity immediately internal to the nostrils is the _________; it contains coarse guard hairs.

Answer 15

vestibule

Question 16

These muscles increase thoracic cavity dimensions by elevating the first and second ribs during forced inhalation.

Answer 16

Scalenes

Question 17

Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the greatest amount of air that can be

Answer 17

inspired and then expelled in 1 minute

Question 18

What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?

Answer 18

Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.

Question 19

Food is normally prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the

Answer 19

elevation of the soft palate.

Question 20

What connects the pharynx to the trachea?

Answer 20

Larynx

Question 21

At rest, a normal person breathes about _____ times per minute.

Answer 21

12

Question 22

The hilum of the lung

Answer 22

is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

Question 23

In addition to oxygen, hemoglobin also transports

Answer 23

carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

Question 24

These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

Answer 24

External intercostals

Question 25

The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the

Answer 25

inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 26

Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

What type of tissue lines the trachea?

Answer 27

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 28

Tracheal cartilages provide for _______ on the ________ aspect of the trachea.

Answer 28

rigidity; anterior

Question 29

Mucin _______ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ______ of dust and dirt particles.

Answer 29

increases; trapping

Question 30

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the

Answer 30

mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.

Question 31

Mastication is a process that facilitates

Answer 31

swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes.

Question 32

Amylase from saliva digests

Answer 32

starch.

Question 33

Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 33

Liver

Question 34

Peristalsis

Answer 34

is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.

Question 35

The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the __________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a “beer belly”.

Answer 35

greater omentum

Question 36

The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the

Answer 36

mechanoreceptor.

Question 37

A sphincter is a

Answer 37

thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.

Question 38

Where are the transverse palatine folds located?

Answer 38

Hard palate

Question 39

Protein digestion begins in the

Answer 39

stomach.

Question 40

The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the

Answer 40

cardiac sphincter.

Question 41

The term “retroperitoneal” may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located

Answer 41

posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

Question 42

Lacteals

Answer 42

absorb the products of fat digestion.

Question 43

Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

Answer 43

Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

Question 44

The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the

Answer 44

papillae.

Question 45

What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?

Answer 45

Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa

Question 46

The esophagus

Answer 46

contains both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

Question 47

Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to

Answer 47

inhibit bacterial growth.

Question 48

Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?

Answer 48

Cystic duct

Question 49

The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the

Answer 49

oral cavity.

Question 50

If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are refered to as

Answer 50

chemoreceptors.

Question 51

Gastric mixing changes

Answer 51

a bolus into chyme.

Question 52

What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum? a: Left colic flexure b: Ascending colon c: Transverse colon d: Right colic flexure e: Sigmoid colon f: Descending colon

Answer 52

b, d, c, a, f, e

Question 53

The lining of the gastrointestinal tract that allows for absorption and secretion is

Answer 53

simple columnar epithelium.

Question 54

Which of the following is the correct sequence of regions of the small intestine, from beginning to end?

Answer 54

Duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Question 55

Gram for gram, the largest amount of energy can be stored in the body in the form of

Answer 55

triglycerides.

Question 56

Inorganic ions such as sodium and potassium are

Answer 56

minerals.

Question 57

Vigorous physical activity causes total metabolic rate to

Answer 57

exercise and for hours afterwards.

Question 58

Iodine is an example of a(n)

Answer 58

mineral.

Question 59

The absorptive state occurs

Answer 59

from when you are eating until about 4 hours after the meal.

Question 60

Metabolic rate is a measurement of the

Answer 60

energy used in a given period of time.

Question 61

In response to the increased availability of nutrients during the absorptive state, liver and muscle

Answer 61

increase glycogenesis.