Research Design, Statistics, Tests, and Measurements

Question 1

William Wundt

Answer 1

1879 first psychology lab

Question 2

Hermann Ebbinhaus

Answer 2

higher mental processes could be studied using experimental methodology - memory with nonsense syllables

Question 3

Oswald Kulpe

Answer 3

strongly believed you could have imagelsess thought, against Wundt

Question 4

Cattell

Answer 4

introduced mental testing

Question 5

Binet-Simon Test

Answer 5

1905 - assess intelligence in French school children

Question 6

Binet

Answer 6

mental age

Question 7

William Stern

Answer 7

equation to compare mental age to chronological age - intelligence quotient

Question 8

Stanford -Binet Intelligence test

Answer 8

revised by Lewis Terman in 1916 from hte Binet-Simon test for use int eh United States

Question 9

Operational definition

Answer 9

state how the researcher will measure the variables

Question 10

Correlational Study

Answer 10

IV not manipulated

Question 11

True Experiment

Answer 11

random assignment and manipulated IV

Question 12

Quasi-experimental design

Answer 12

no random assignment, manipulated IV

Question 13

Nonequivalent Group Design

Answer 13

control group is not necessarily similar to the experimental group since the researcher doesn’t use random assignment - common in educational research

Question 14

Demand characteristics

Answer 14

any cues that suggest to subjects what the research erxpects from thm

Question 15

Hawthorne effect

Answer 15

tendency of people to behave differently if they know that they are being observed - control group design helps with this since both groups are watched

Question 16

descriptive statistics

Answer 16

organizing, describing, quantifying and usmmarizing a collection of actual observations

Question 17

inferential statistics

Answer 17

researchers generalize beyond actual observations - making an inference from the sample involved in teh research to the population of interest

Question 18

measures of central tendency

Answer 18

mean, median, and mode

Question 19

measures of variability

Answer 19

range, standard deviation, and variance

Question 20

Normal Curve

Answer 20

68, 96, 100 approx

Question 21

Type I Error

Answer 21

Null is true, null is rejected

Question 22

Type II Error

Answer 22

Null is false, accept null

Question 23

Beta

Answer 23

probability of making a type two error

Question 24

Chi-Square

Answer 24

tests the equality of two frequencies or proportions, categorical data

Question 25

ANOVAs

Answer 25

how much group means differ frome ach other by comparing the between-group variance to the within-group variance F = between group / within group

Question 26

Domain-referenced testing/criterion-referenced testing

Answer 26

concerned with teh quetsion of what the test taker knows about a specified content domain, ex. driver's license = what's important is the content not in relation to tohers

Question 27

Split-Half Reliability

Answer 27

test-takers take only one test, but that one test is divided into equal halves, scores on one half are correlated with the scores on teh other half - >=.8 correlation is a high level

Question 28

Content Validity

Answer 28

tes'ts coverage of a particular skill or knowledge area - asks the right quetsions

Question 29

Face validity

Answer 29

whether or not the test items appear to measure what they are suposed to measure

Question 30

Criterion validity

Answer 30

how well the test can predict an individual's performance on an establisehd test of the same skil or knowlege area

Question 31

Cross validation

Answer 31

testing the criterion validity of a test on a second sample after you demonstrated validity using an initial sample

Question 32

Construct validity

Answer 32

how well performance on the test fits into the theoretical framework related to what it is you want the test to measure - using convergent and discriminate validity

Question 33

Nominal Scale/Categorical

Answer 33

labels observations so that they can be categorized, girl-boy

Question 34

Ordinal Scale

Answer 34

ranked in terms of size or magnitude, highest score on spelling test

Question 35

Interval Scale

Answer 35

uses actual numbers, not ranks, number correct on a spelling test

Question 36

Ratio Scaling

Answer 36

a true zero that indicates the total absence of the quantity being measured, not temperature - can use multiplication and division as well as addition and subtraction

Question 37

aptitude tests

Answer 37

predict what one can accomplish through training, predict future preformance

Question 38

achievement tests

Answer 38

assess what one knows already or can do now

Question 39

ability tests

Answer 39

test problem solving ability

Question 40

Ratio IQ

Answer 40

mental age/chornological age * 100, meaning IQ drops just because age increases at certain point

Question 41

Deviation IQ

Answer 41

indicates how well a person performed on an IQ test relative to her/his same-age peers

Question 42

Empirical Criterion-Keying Approach

Answer 42

tested thousands o fquestions and retained those that differentiated between paitent and nonpatient populations, Hathaaway and McKinley for MMPI

Question 43

Projective Tests

Answer 43

stimuli are relatively ambiguous,asked to interpret rather than multiple choice - scoring is subjectie

Question 44

Blacky Pictures

Answer 44

Projective test for children, dog for each psychosexual stage

Question 45

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 45

ambiguous scenes, projective test

Question 46

Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank

Answer 46

Perception Test

Question 47

Barnum Effect

Answer 47

tendency of peopel to accept and approve of the interpretation of their personality that you give them

Question 48

Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory

Answer 48

organized like personality inventory, using empirical criterion keying approach, RIASEC sysetm

Question 49

z score

Answer 49

your score over hte mean/standard deviation