Research Methods Flashcards
(20 cards)
Hindsight Bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Operational Definition
a statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Case Study
study of one individual in great detail
Naturalistic Observation
observing behavior without manipulation
Survey
the collection of data by having people answer questions
Experiment
A method in which an investigator manipulates factors to observe the effect
Control Group
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
Experimental Group
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment/independent variable
Population
all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
Random Sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Random Assignment
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance
Double-Blind Procedure
A strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups.
Placebo
A substance or procedure that has no physiological effect
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated
Dependent Variable
the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Statistical Significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
Illusory Correlation
the perception of a relationship where none exists
Standard Deviation
a statistical measure of how much scores in a sample vary around the mean
Informed Consent
a principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
Debriefing
the post-experimental explanation of a study
