Social Psychology Flashcards
(24 cards)
just-world phenomenon
tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
altruism
a concern for others
aggression
physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
frustration-aggression hypothesis
the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger which can generate aggression
bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
social trap
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
ingroup vs. outgroup phenonmenon
each group thinks they are superior to the other group
fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
diffusion of responsibility
theory for why bystander effect occurs - each individual bystander thinks someone else will get involved. the more people, the less likely we help
deindividuation
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
social responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.
Phillip Zimbardo
study of the effect of roles on behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The study was ended early because of the “guards’” role-induced cruelty.
groupthink
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
social facilitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Soloman Asch
conformity; showed that social pressure can make a person say something that is obviously incorrect ; in a famous study in which participants were shown cards with lines of different lengths and were asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length
Stanley Milgram
obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were capable of committing evil actions
foot-in-the-door technique
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
reciprocity
the tendency to help people who help you
obedience
changing one’s behavior at the command of an authoritative figure.
conformity
adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
