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mock revision psychology > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

dv

A

vaiable which is measured

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2
Q

iv

A

altered to see effect on dv

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3
Q

extranous variables

A

any other variables which may have an effect on the DV

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4
Q

extranous variables

A

identfied before the experiment

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5
Q

confouding variables

A

any extranous variables that afre not controlledd become confounding variables
identfiied after the experiment

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6
Q

partipant varibles

A

age, past experinecs

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7
Q

sitaution variables

A

weather, climate etc

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8
Q

experimenter variables

A

appearance and body langauge, body distractions

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9
Q

control

A

other then the indepednent varibale, all other variables are held constant so chnage in the DV can only be caused by the mainputlation/change of the IV

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10
Q

randomisation

A

partcipants are randomly allocated to different conditions of the IV
e.g flipping a coin
extranous variables are liekly to affect one gorup like they are another gorup
little or no effect on DV
other things may be randomised too e.g the order of the events

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11
Q

standardisation

A

all partcipants have exact same experinece
instructions need to be standardised (same every time)
procedure needs to be standardiesed (same every time)
effects all pariciapnt in all condiitons equally

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12
Q

what ar e the ifferent types of experiments

A

LAB
QUASI
NATURAL
FIELD

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13
Q

lab experinent

A

high control over variables
done in lab setting
researcher can manipulate IV to see effect on DV
controlled enviroment

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14
Q

adv of lab experiments

A

easy replicable
method more objective
easy to establish cause and effect
ROC

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15
Q

dis of lab studies

A

low ecological validity
pps may conform to demand characteristics

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16
Q

field experiment

A

more natural environment then lab study
can still manipulate IV t change in DV
ntural enviroment

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17
Q

adv of field experiment

A

highe cological validity
no demand characterstics
Iv is still manipulated

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18
Q

dis of field experiment

A

not easily replicable
experimenter cannot control extranous variables

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19
Q

natural experiment

A

natural environment
experimenter cannot manipulate IV
natural enviroment

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20
Q

adv of natural experiment

A

high ecological validity
no demand characteristics

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21
Q

dis of natural expeirment

A

cannot infer cause and effect
cant control extraneous variables

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22
Q

quasi experiment

A

IV and DV are naturally occurring
can be measured in field or lab
controlled enviroment

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23
Q

adv of quasi experiment

A

easily replicable
cannot be randomly allocated

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24
Q

dis of quasi experminet

A

harder to establish cause and effect

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25
aim
precise statemtn of why a study is taking place
26
hypothesis
more precise statement that predicts what expected to happen experimental hypotheiss -prediction of what will happen when using experimental method null hypotheis-states IV will have NO EFFECT on DV Two types of experimental methods: directional-states direction of variables (one tailed) specific non-directional-does not state the direction of the variables (two tailed) less specific
27
when is non diretional hypotehsis used
when no past research or past research is inconsistent
28
operationalisable
beig abale to define varibales variables simplu and easily in order to maniupulte IV and measure DV
29
what are the experimental designs
Repeated measures -lab Independent groups-field Matched pairs -natural/quasi
30
repeated measures
all participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
31
adv of repeated measures
particpant varibale is controlled (high validity) fewer particiapnats needed so less time recruting them
32
dis of repeated measures
each partcipants has to do at least two tasks
33
indepedent measures
partcipants allocated t different gorups ] each gorup represents one condition
34
adv of independent measures
less leikly to guess aims order of effects less of an issue
35
dis of indepednent measures
less economical
36
matched pairs
natural/quasi where partcipants are matched in pairs in terms of key variabes e.g age one is the placed in control group one placed in experimental group
37
adv of matched pairs
only taken to one condition so demand charctersics and order of effects less of a problem
38
dis of macthed pairs
time consuming less economical may be expensive
39
counterbalacning
way of reducing order of effects one half do the condition oter half do same condiion second
40
randomisation
randomsiing the order of trials randomyl assigned whether do one condion first or second
41
validity
measure of accuracy
42
relaibility
measure of consistency
43
what is the way to test internal reliability
split half method items are split in half scores are then both compared if scores similar, reliable
44
test external valdiity
test-re-test method test it one time, test again and compare if similar, high ecological valiiry
45
different sampiling techniques
random systematuc stratified opportunity ROSS
46
random sampiling
every member of target popualtion has same chnace of being chosen for the sample e.g pulling names out of hat
47
adv of random sampiling
free from researcher bias-researchers cant impact
48
dis of random sampiling
diffcualt to obtain can still lack popualtion vaility-not generlaisabke to wider popualtion only using target popualtion
49
systematic sampiling
list of traget popualtion member is paicked every nth term e.g 3rd or 4th member
50
adv of systematic sampiling
free from researcher bias
51
dis of systematic sampiling
may not be represnative of wider popualtion
52
startified sampiling
list of each vaiable which may have effect on DV is made work out percentage of each variable in population
53
adv of stratified sampiling
produces representative sample
54
dis of startified samppling
time consuming
55
opportunity sampiling
anyone willign to or wanting to take part
56
adv of opportunity sampling
cheap easy to obtain
57
dis of opportunity sampling
tend to get similar people in similar places not generalizable to wider population
58
volunteer sampiling
particopants chose themselves popele who volunteer to take place
59
adv of volunteer sampling
easy to obtain easy to do
60
dis of volunteer sampling
focuses on same people-lacks popualtion validity
61
single blind
where the participants do not know under which condition they are being tested aim-to overcome demand carcterstics
62
double bind
both particpants and the experimenter do not know the conditions in which the partciants are tested under aim-to overcome researcher bias/demand characteristics
63
matched pairs design
partipcnats are matched due to relavet chacrterstics then allocated to different conditions aim-recue participant variable/order of effects/demand characteristics
64
types of observations
NATURALISTIC PARTCIPANT CONTROLLED NON-PARTICIPANT OVERT COVERT NPCnoc
65
naturalistic
naturally occurring behaviour
66
adv of naturalistic
high ecological validity

mock revision psychology (17 decks)

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