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Geography > Resource Management (part 2) > Flashcards

Resource Management (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of water is freshwater?

A

2.5%

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2
Q

Why is it not possible to use all of the freshwater on earth?

A

Too expensive to access
Too polluted

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3
Q

What are some uses of water?

A

Agriculture- irrigation
Industry
Drinking
Energy production
Leisure activities

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4
Q

By 2030, how many people will live in area of water scarcity?

A

1.8 billion

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5
Q

Where are some areas with water deficit?

A

Areas with low rainfall are more likely to have water deficit like deserts. Areas with high population densities and thus high demands for water.

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6
Q

What is water scarcity and what does it lead to?

A

Supply of water is restricted due to physical or economic reasons. Leads to water stress

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7
Q

What is water stress and what does it lead to?

A

Demand exceeds availability amount or poor quality restricts its use. Leads to water insecurity

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8
Q

What is water insecurity?

A

Water quality is insufficient to ensure population has enough

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9
Q

What are some causes of increased water consumption?

A

Energy
Population growth
Urbanisation- sanitation and drainage
Industrial development
Tourism

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10
Q

What are some factors that limit water supply?

A

Over-abstraction
Climate change
Pollution
Limited infrastructure

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11
Q

How many of the world’s hospital beds are filled with people suffering from water-related diseases?

A

50%

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12
Q

How many hours are wasted in subSaharan Africa collecting water?

A

40 billion

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13
Q

How many people don’t have access to clean drinking water?

A

1.4 billion

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14
Q

How many of the people who lack water live in rural areas?

A

84%

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15
Q

Why is there water insecurity in Burkina Faso?

A

Lack of infrastructure
Lack of rainfall

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16
Q

What is physical water scarcity?

A

A region with a lack of rainfall receiving less than 500mm of rain per year

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17
Q

Where is the Sahel and how many countries does it contain?

A

Dry strip of land under the Sahara. 12

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18
Q

How many were affected by the drought in the Sahel in 2010?

A

10,000,000

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19
Q

How many people in Burkina Faso depend on agriculture?

A

80%

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20
Q

How many children in Burkina Faso will not reach their full growth potential due to malnutrition?

A

Over a third of

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21
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Watering crops

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22
Q

What are 3 impacts of water insecurity?

A

Disease spreads- drink dirty water
Worse jobs- spend time out of school
Malnutrition- less crops

23
Q

What are some causes of water insecurity?

A

Domestic waste
Industry waste
Rules not enforced
Raw sewage
Population increase

24
Q

What are the impacts of water insecurity?

A

Fishing affected
Can scavenge rubbish
Fish species wiped out
Water starved of oxygen
Ecosystem damaged
Contaminates other water sources

25
Q

What is economic water scarcity?

A

Country or region can’t afford to exploit water supplies

26
Q

What are high levels of water pollution linked with?

A

Rapid population and industrial growth

27
Q

Who is furthest downstream of the Tigris and Euphrates?

A

Iraq

28
Q

How much water will the dams in Turkey cut off for Iraq?

A

90%

29
Q

How many dams does Turkey want to build?

A

22

30
Q

How much water supply will Syria lose if the project goes ahead?

A

Half

31
Q

What does Turkey claim?

A

The source is in their land.
They need to ensure their growing population has enough water.
Syria and Iraq are wasteful and should start storing water

32
Q

What is the physical landscape of Lesotho like?

A

Mountainous
Maloti mountains rise to 3000m

33
Q

Why does Lesotho receive more rainfall than South Africa?

A

Air stops at the mountains and precipitates there.

34
Q

How many dams are planned in the Lesotho Highlands Water Project?

A

5

35
Q

How many jobs are provided by the project?

A

7000

36
Q

How much of Lesothos GDP will the income provide for?

A

5%

37
Q

How much land will be flooded by one dam?

A

5000 hectares

38
Q

How many people had to move as a result of the first 2 dams being built?

A

30,000

39
Q

What are some disadvantages for Lesotho?

A

Loss of farming
Inadequate compensation
Environmental damage

40
Q

What are the advantages for South Africa?

A

Industry and mines can continue
Provides drinkable water
Provides 60% water in Johannesburg
People in South Africa with access to safe water rose from 83% to 87%

41
Q

How much will the scheme cost?

A

$4 billion

42
Q

How much of the water is lost through leakages?

A

40%

43
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

An artificial lake created as part of a water supply system

44
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

Deep layers of rocks that can hold water

45
Q

What 2 methods can be used to recharge aquifers?

A

Directly injecting surface water via wells.
Filling recharge basins and allowing to percolate in slowly

46
Q

Where is the Tonopah Desert Recharge Project?

A

Arizona

47
Q

How much water has the Tonopah Project stored underground?

A

600 million cubic meters in 3 years

48
Q

What are the advantages of groundwater storage?

A

More efficient than reservoirs as less is lost through evaporation

49
Q

What is desalination?

A

Removal of salt and other minerals from seawater. Produced suitable freshwater for human consumption and irrigation.

50
Q

What are the aims of water conservation?

A

Reduce waste and unnecessary use
Protect water from pollution and overuse
Meet present and future water demands

51
Q

How are some ways water can be conserved in the home?

A

Collect rainwater for plants
Low flow shower heads
Aerator on taps

52
Q

What does groundwater (aquifer) management mean?

A

Managing the store of water in aquifers. Making sure they aren’t polluted or overused.

53
Q

What is water recycling?

A

Taking water that has already been used and using it again rather than returning it to a river or sea straight away.

54
Q

What is grey water?

A

A type of recycled water- used immediately rather than treating it. Normally water from people’s homes.

Geography (16 decks)

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