Resp (1)

Question 1

How many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 1

2

Superior / inferior

Question 2

What fissure is present in the left lung

Answer 2

Oblique fissure

Question 3

Which lung is larger

Answer 3

Right

Question 4

What is the carina

Answer 4

Structure that seperates the two bronchi

Question 5

Thoracic Inlet is found where

Answer 5

Superior end of ribs

Question 6

Thoracic Outlet is found where

Answer 6

Inferior end of ribs closed off by diaphragm

Question 7

at the 2nd intercoastal , what can be found

Answer 7

Pulmonary valves

Question 8

at the 5th intercoastal rip, what can be found

Answer 8

apex of heart

Question 9

Phrenic nerves originate fromn where

Answer 9

C3/4/5

Question 10

Superior / Anterior movement of sternum is done by what

Answer 10

Upper ribs

Question 11

What does the upper ribs increase?

Answer 11

Antereoposterior diameter

Question 12

what causes the elavation of the lateral shaft of ribs?

Answer 12

Lower ribs

Question 13

What is increased by the lower ribs

Answer 13

Transverse diameter

Question 14

What does the pleura do in terms of pressure

Answer 14

Increases the negative intrapleural space pressure

Question 15

What are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura

Answer 15

Cervical

Coastal

Diaphragmatic

Mediastinal

Question 16

give an example of an intrinisic restrictive respriatory disease

Answer 16

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 17

give an example of an extrinisic restrictive respiratory disease

Answer 17

Pneumothorax

Question 18

What happens to intrapleural pressure during inspiration

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

What happens to incrapleural pressure during expiration

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

During harder breathing in expiration, what contracts

Answer 20

Internal intercoastal muscles + abdominal muscles

Question 21

Expiratory Reserve Volume consists of what

Answer 21

Large of a volume exhaled as deeply as possible

Question 22

what prevents complete emptying of the lungs

Answer 22

Rigid thorax + pleural attachements of lungs

Question 23

Vital capacity includes what 3 things

Answer 23

Tidal Volume (TV)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Expriatory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 24

functional residual capacity consists of what?

What is it dependent on?

Answer 24

ERV + RV

Compliance of lungs

Question 25

Compliance is not what throughout the lung

Answer 25

Equal

Question 26

to measure pressure of lung what is used

Answer 26

Oesophageal balloon

Question 27

2 Reduced compliance diseases

Answer 27

Kyphoscoliosis Circumferential Burn

Question 28

Increased compliance disease

Answer 28

Emphysema

Question 29

Closing capacity

Answer 29

Volume of luings if bronchioles + alveoli collapse

Question 30

Closing capacity equation

Answer 30

Closing volume + residual volume

Question 31

Law of laplace

Answer 31

P = 2T / R

Question 32

How is surface tension decreased

Answer 32

Forming a sphere

Question 33

Hysteresis

Answer 33

Lung volume during inhalation is less than lung volume during expiration

Question 34

Causes of hysteresis

Answer 34

Reduced compliance

Question 35

if FEV1/FVC = <0.7

Answer 35

obstructive

Question 36

Work =

Answer 36

Volume x pressure

Question 37

How is work reduced in restrictive diseases

Answer 37

rapid small volume breaths

Question 38

How is work reduced in obstructive diseases

Answer 38

Large volume breaths

Question 39

What does humifidication of oxygen do

Answer 39

decreases partial pressure of O2

Question 40

increasing solubility of a fluid does what to partial pressure of a gas

Answer 40

Decreases

Question 41

typical ventilation L/min

Answer 41

5.5

Question 42

Which part of the alveoli is the largest

Answer 42

Apical

Question 43

Which part of the alveoli can expand the most and has better ventilation

Answer 43

Basal

Question 44

Bronchial artery stems from what

Answer 44

Thoracic aorta

Question 45

At the zone 1 of alveolar dead space, what happens in terms of ventilation and perfusion

Answer 45

Good ventilation but no perfusion

Question 46

At zone 2 of the Recruitment zone, what happens to the PP of gases

Answer 46

Higher P(arterial pressure) due to higher hydrostatic pressure

Question 47

Blood flow is determined by what in zone 2

Answer 47

Difference in P(arterial) + P(Alveoli)

Question 48

the distention zone is found where

Answer 48

Base of lung

Question 49

Blood flow is determined by what in zone 3

Answer 49

P(arterial) + P(venous)

Question 50

V/Q of apex of lung V/Q of base of lung

Answer 50

3. 3 | 0. 6

Question 51

Physiological dead space consists of (2)

Answer 51

Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space

Question 52

Anatomical dead space includes (2)

Answer 52

Mouth + trachea anything not involved in gas exchange

Question 53

V/Q of shunt

Answer 53

Low

Question 54

Shunts can occurs from what

Answer 54

Pneumothorax Bronchial veins