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Resp (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal reflex involves pressure receptors which send an afferent signal where?

A

Brain stem

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2
Q

Continuous Positive airway pressure is a treatment for what?

A

Sleep disordered breathing

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3
Q

nose and pharynx contains what ciliated epithelial cells?

A

pseudostratified

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4
Q

Trachea and Bronchi contains what ciliated epithelial cells?

A

Columnar

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5
Q

Bronchioles contain what ciliated epithelial cell?

A

Cuboidal

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6
Q

what cells release mucins?

A

Goblet cells

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7
Q

What are the two layers found in the conducting system? What is on top?

A

Mucous Layer

Percilliary

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8
Q

The perciliary layer consists of what

A

Water + NaCl

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9
Q

What are the two strokes of cilia?

A

Effective Stroke

Recovery Stroke

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10
Q

What stroke does cilia reside back into after moving mucous?

A

Perciliary

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11
Q

Expectoration?

A

Coughing

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12
Q

Very large particles that are inhaled >8um (2)

A

Pollen / Sawdust

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13
Q

Where is pollen / sawdust desposited?

A

Nose + Pharynx

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14
Q

Name an antimicrobial peptide

A

Human B defensins

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15
Q

IgA can be found in what part of the conducting system

A

Nose + pharynx

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16
Q

Hb primary structure

A

141-166AA

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17
Q

What secondary structure is Hb

A

Globular

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18
Q

Increasing temperature does what to PO2

A

Increases

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19
Q

Increasing pH does what to PO2

A

Decreases

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20
Q

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate does what to PO2

A

Increases PO2

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21
Q

Methaeomoglobin

A

Defective Fe atom

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22
Q

CO2 can be found bound to what (2)

A

Lysine + arginine

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23
Q

Co2 is predominantly found in what form

A

Carbonic/bicarbonate form

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24
Q

Hamburger Shift

A

HCO3 exchanged for chloride ion

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25
Haldane effect
deoxygenated blood carries more CO2 than oxygenated blood
26
What is the fast response to acid base balance
Respriatory Via ventiliation
27
What is the slow response to acid base balance
Renal excretion of H+
28
Respiratory alkalosis
low CO2 Normal HCO3
29
Respiratory Acidosis
High CO2 High HCO3
30
Metabolic Alkalosis
normal CO2 High HCO3
31
Metabolic Acidosis
Low CO2 Low HCO3
32
What can cause Respiratory acidosis
Ventilation failure
33
What can cause Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
34
What can cause metabolic acidosis
Vomiting / Gaviscon overload Getting rid of too many H+ ions
35
What can cause metabolic alkalosis
Renal failure | Diabetic ketoacidosis / shock
36
Upper airway structures (3)
Nasal cavaties / Nasopharynx / Oropharynx
37
Lower airway structures (3)
Larynx / Trachea / Bronchi
38
Lung bud stems from what
Respiratory Diverticulum
39
Tracheosophageal Ridges separates into what (2) what day?
Respiratory Diverticulum + foregut Day 22
40
Trachea stems from what
Respiratory Diverticulum
41
85-90% of Tracheosophageal Fistulas are what
Oesophageal atresia
42
What occurs in oesophageal atresia
Distal part of oesophagus connected to trachea Food can enter trachea
43
in H type Tracheosophageal Fistulas (TOF), what occurs
Milk can enter respiratory systems
44
What are the associated problems with TOF (7)
VACTERL Vertebral / Anal / Cardiac / Trachea / Oesophageal / Renal / Limb
45
on day 28, what occurs to the bronchial buds
Right / Left bronchial buds are formed
46
on day 30, what occurs to the bronchial buds
Secondary Bronchial Buds form (3R + 2L)
47
Day 38, what forms? How many on each side?
Tertiary Bronchial buds 10R + 8L
48
What week does terminal bronchioles form
week 16
49
What week does respriatory bronchioles form
Week 26
50
What week does alveoli first start to develop? When do they stop forming
Week 36 36wks-8yrs
51
the Epithelium of the lung is derived from what
foregut
52
SM ? Cartilage / CT / Capillaries are formed from what
Visceral mesoderm
53
Pulmonary Agenesis Caused by?
One primary bronchi forms Lung buds fail to split
54
Pulmonary Hypoplasia Found in?
All components present, not formed correctly Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
55
What forms in branching morphogenesis
Azygos lobe
56
4 stages of maturation of the lung in order
Pseudoglandular (P) canalicular (C) Saccular (S) Alveolar (A) Potato Catcher Sounds Awesome
57
Pseudoglandular stage occurs in what weeks? Whats formed
Weeks 5-17 Terminal Bronchioles
58
Canalicular stage occurs in what weeks? What is formed
weeks 16-25 Respiratory Bronchioles
59
Saccular stage occurs in what weeks? What is formed
Weeks 26-birth ALveoli
60
Type 1 Pneumocytes do what Type 2 do what?
type 1 = gaseous exchange Type 2 = surfactant
61
Alveoli stage occur when
Weeks 36-8years
62
What % of mature alveoli dont develop until after birth
95%
63
Breathing in utero role? Kicking in utero role?
Remove amniotic fluid Starts muscle of respiration
64
if baby is born <26wks, pronosis of child with respriatory distress syndrome?
Bad
65
Glucocorticosteroids can be used in RDS why?
Accelerates lung development + surfactant production
66
Surfactant (... + ...) can be given for RDS
A + B

Body Systems (9 decks)

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