Respiration

Question 1

What does ADP stand for

Answer 1

adenosine diphosphate

Question 2

What does ATP stand for

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

What is Adenosine composed of

Answer 3

Contains ribose( sugar) and adnine (nitrogen base)

Question 4

Describe the structure of ATP

Answer 4

Ribose (sugar), a nitrogen base (Adenine) and 3 phosphate groups

Question 5

What does NAD+ stand for

Answer 5

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 6

Write a balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 6

C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6Co2 +6H2O

Question 7

What is meant by the term Aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

The controlled release of energy from food using oxygen

Question 8

What is the function of aeriobic respiration?

Answer 8

Growth and repair

Question 9

What is meant by anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

The controlled release of energy from food without using oxygen

Also called fermentation

Question 10

Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration, which releases more energy?

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration

Question 11

What type of microorgamisms play a role in fermentation?

Answer 11

Yeast

Question 12

What is a bioreactor

Answer 12

A container of vessel in which biological reactions take place and products are formed

Question 13

What is stage one of cell respiration

Answer 13

Glycosis

Question 14

Where does the first stage of respiration take place

Answer 14

Cytosol

Question 15

What is stage two of respiration called

Answer 15

Kerb cycle

Question 16

Where does stage two of respiration occour

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Describe how you would investigate the production of alchol by yeast

Answer 17

Boil and cool glucose solution
Boiling removes oxygen, makes it anaerobic
Cooling to prevent denatursation
Add yeast
Enzyme to breakdown glucose
Add fermentation lock with limewater inside
Fermentation lock to keep oxygen out
Lime water turns milky to prove Co2 has been produced
Needs to be kept at constant tempture
temperature controlled water bath
When CO2 bubbles stop, the expeirment is finished
The glucose has run out, enzymes killed by alchol
Control was glucose without yeast

Question 18

How do we test if fermentation has resulted in the producton of alochol?

What is the test for alcohol?

Answer 18

Iodoform test
AddPotassium iodide solution and Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to each tube
The solutions turns Brown/orange and then clear
Heat in a water bath.
If alcohol is presentPale yellow crystals will be formed

Question 19

What is meant by glycolysis? what happens to the 6 carbon glucose at this stage?

Answer 19

Glycolysis is a anerobic process, takes place in the cytosol. It forms a small amount of ATP and NADH . The Glucose molecule breaks down into a 3 Carbon molecule called Pyruvic acid

Question 20

What is Glycosis controlled by?

Answer 20

Enzymes

Question 21

What is released in Glycolysis

Answer 21

ATP, NADH , 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid

Question 22

What happens if oxygen is present after Glycolysis

Answer 22

Pyruvic acid enters a mitochondrion. Oxygen bonds and takes away a carbon molecule (also loses high energy electrons and a proton ) to form Acetyl Co Enzyme A.
NaDH produces enters the electron transport chain.

Question 23

What happens if oxygen is not present after Glycolysis

Answer 23

Pyruvic acid goes towards both animal muscle cells to produce Latic acid(Lactic acid ferminataion) and Alchol fermentation in microorganisms ( to produce Ethanol and CO2.)

Question 24

The difference between Lactic acid ferminataion and Alchol fermentation

Answer 24

Lactic acid ferminataion takes place inside animals( broken down in liver ) produces latic acid
Alchol fermentation takes place in micro organisms to produce Ethanol and Co2

Question 25

Where is Latic acid broken down eventually?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What is Pyruvate brown down into

Answer 26

Acytol co enzyme A

Question 27

What happens to Acytol Co- Enzyme A

Answer 27

It enters a series of reactions called the Krebs cycle.

Question 28

What happens in the Krebs cycle

Answer 28

Acytol co-A forms a 1 carbon molecule which produces ADP + Phosphate which are convrted into ATP using energy. Energy is released to form high energy electrons which are picked up by NAD+ to form NADH.

Question 29

What is the electron transport system used for?

Answer 29

An electron transport chain (ECT) to form ATP from ADP and phosphate

Question 30

Whats the function of ETC

Answer 30

To form ATP

Question 31

Where are the electron transferred in the ETC?

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

In the ETC, what does oxygen combine with and what does it form

Answer 32

Low energy electrons bond with oxygen molecules (final electron acceptor) and hyfrogen ions to form water which is exhailed as a waste product.

Question 33

What is ATP used for

Answer 33

Stores and transfers energy

Question 34

What is NADH used for

Answer 34

Needed to transfer hydrogen ions and high energy electrons.

Question 35

Outline the processes in the electron transport chain

Answer 35

NaDH carries high energy electrons.These electrons go through a series of reactions / pass along carriers and lose energy. This energy is used tp make ATP from ADP and Phosphate. At the end, these low electrons are bonded with oxygen ( final electron acceptor) and hyfrogen ions to form water,which is exhaled as a waste product. The ETC is used to form ATP

Question 36

What is Biotechnology?

Answer 36

Biotechnology uses microrgamisms, plants or animals to manufacture products.

Question 37

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 37

Water, CO2 and ATP

Question 38

What are the products of the krebs cycle

Answer 38

NADH, ATP , CO,2