Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

absorbtion

A

passing of useful components of food from the GI tract into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

autotroph

A

living organism that has the ability to make its own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

balanced diet

A

correct amount of each group from the food pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chemical digestion

A

use of enzymes to breakdown food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules from an area of high molecule concentration to an area of low molecule concentration- passive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

digestion

A

breaking food down into smaller parts by physical and chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

egestion

A

removal of unabsorbed waste material from the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

emulsification

A

clumping together of triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

emzyme

A

biological catalyst made up of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

excretion

A

removal of wate products of metabolism from a living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hetetroph

A

living organism that cannot make its own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ingestion

A

taking in of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical breakdown of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

optimum ph

A

ph at which an enzyme works best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low water concentration across a selectivity permable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular contraction of muscle walls of alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

physical digestion

A

mechnical breakdown of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a portal system

A

a system that begins and ends in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

symbiosis

A

two organism of different species living together involving benefit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is nutrition

A

how an animal gets its food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the stages of human nutrition

A

Ingestion
digestion
absorbtion
Egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Ingestion and where does it occour

A

Taking in food,occurs in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is digestion and where does it occour

Study These Flashcards
A

breaking food into smaller parts by physical and chemical means, occours in oesphagus and stomach

25
what is absorption and where does it occour
passing of useful components of food from the GI tract into blood. occours illium - SI by diffusion. Colon by osmosis
26
what is egestion and where does it occour
Removal of undigested food from the human alimentary canal Large intestine- rectum and anus
27
why is digestion important
it breaks down food so that its small enough to be absorbed into the blood and easier to transport to cells in the blood where it is required
28
name the two types of digestion
physical: mechanial breakdown of food chemical: use of chemicals such as enzymes and acid to help breakdown food
29
The role the mouth plays in digestion
Take in of food and help break it down using teeth and amylase
30
describe the dental formula
( I 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 )x2
31
Describe the physical digestion that occours in the mouth
teeth
32
describe the types of teeth
Incisors- flat for biting Canines - sharping for tearing Premolars + Molars - chewing
33
describe the role of the osephagus
moves food from mouth to stomach. epiglottis closes over trachea. food formed into a bolus (moist ball)
34
explain physical digestion in the osephagus
peristalsis - muscular contraction of the alimentery canal. moves content along mucus- moistens food
35
what aids peristalsis
fibre
36
State the role of the stomach in digestion
muscular bag that holdes and digests food. Kills pathogens in the stomach HCl PH2
37
state the role of physical digestion in the stomach
Churning
38
state the role of chemical digestion in the stomach
**HCl** kills microrgamisms at ph 2, activates pepsin by providing an acidic environment **Pepsin** enzyme that breaks down proteins into AA **stomach lipase** turns lipids to fatty acids and glycerol
39
explain the role of the stomach lining
prevents stomach corrosion by HCL prevents digestion of stomach muscle wall by pepsin (muscle is a protein that can be broken down mby pepsin)
40
Explain both the endocrine and excocrine role of the pancreas
endocrine (Isle of langerhans) Produces Insulin. excocrine - pacreatic amylase pancreatic lipase
41
what happens to products of panereas
Products of pancreas transported to duodenum via pancreatic duct.
42
List the functions of the liver
Produces Bile, which neturalises chyme, emulisifes tryglicerides temperture regulation- prevents enzyme denaturation deamination- breakdown of excess amino acids into urea stores vitamin K (required for clotting blood)
43
Describe the hepatic portal system
hepatic artery (right side) carries oxygenated blood from heart to liver. hepatic vein carries co2 rich blood from liver to heart Hepatic portal vein: carries blood containing vitamins and glycogen from SI to liver ( carries end products of digestion from small intestines to liver)
44
state the function of the Gall bladder
stores bile
45
How is bile transported in the gall bladder
bile transports to small intestine via bile duct
46
State the role of the duodenum
final stages of digestion ocoour by perisalsis and enzymes in the duodenium
47
chemical digestion that occours in the duodenum and the PH
Bile pancreatic lipase - lipids to fatty acids and glycerol Ph 7-8 Pancreatic amylase starch to maltose ph 7-8
48
state the function of the illeum
absorbion of food ocoours in ileum
49
Describe chemical digestion that occours in ileum
pancreatic amylase - starch to maltose Pancreatic lipase- Fatty acids to glycerol
50
descrive the function of villi
responsible for absorbtion of food from SI to blood
51
how villi is adapted to their role
exist in large numbers (large SA) cell wall one cell thick for faster absorbtion having a rich blood supply
52
list the structures in a villi
thin surface layer capillaries lacteal - connected to lymphatic system which aids absorbtion of fats mucle wall
53
describe the function of the large intestines
water absorbed and waste removed symbiotic bacteria present here bacteria produce vit K and also create competition with harmful MO
54
State the section of the large intestines and their roles
caecum + appemdic - vestigual organs, no use colon - absorb water to regulate consipation, forms semi solid feces, absorbs vitamins rectum - stores undigested food waste material anus - point of egestion
55
state the role of fibre in the digestive system
fibre cant be absrbed into blood increases peristalsis and increases rate of waste removal( normalise bowel movement ) reduces risk of constipation fibre is a source of food for symbiotic bacteria
56
end products of digestion
carbohydrates - monosaccrides ( glucose) proteins- amino acids lipids - glycerol + fatty acids
57
What is the ph of substances that enter the duodenum
Ph 3
58
Outline the fate of food that enters the small intestines
It is absorbed into the ileum or lacteal or carries in the blood stream towards the liver via the hepatic portal vein

Biology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions