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Monera Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

Bacteria can evolve restances to these substances over time.microrganisms do not die in the presence of an antibiotic due to misuse

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2
Q

antibiotics

A

.Does not work on viral infections.chemicals made by bacteria or fungi to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth

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3
Q

antigen

A

foregin body

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4
Q

antibiodies

A

Proteins that are produced by lymphocytes in response to pathogens

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5
Q

Aspsis

A

free from pathogens

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6
Q

asexual reproduction

A

reproduction involving one parent

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7
Q

autotroph

A

living organism that has the ability to make its own food

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8
Q

Binary fission

A

asexual reproduction of bacteria by mitosis

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9
Q

bioprocessing

A

an industry that uses microrgamisms to make products

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10
Q

bioreactor

A

a container/vessle that biological reactions take place to form a product

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11
Q

chemosynthetic

A

living organisms that makes its own food using chemicals

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12
Q

ectoparasite

A

parasite that lives on the surface of the living host, causing harm to the host

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13
Q

endoparasite

A

parasite that lives inside the host,causing harm to the host

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14
Q

endospore

A

a hard protective shell tht allows certain types of bacteria to survive until conditions become favorable again

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15
Q

facultative anerobe

A

can grow in the presense or absence of oxygen

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16
Q

heterotroph

A

orgarnism that does not have the ability to make its own food

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17
Q

obligate aerobe

A

can only grown in the presence of oxygen

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18
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

can only grow in the absence of oxygen

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19
Q

parasite

A

living organism tht lives and feeds off a live host, causing harm

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20
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing antigen

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21
Q

photosynthetic

A

a living organism that makes its own food using light

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22
Q

prokryote

A

does not have membrane bound organelles

23
Q

saprophyte

A

living organism that feeds on dead organic matter and returns essential nutrients to the soil

24
Q

Sterile

A

free from all microorganisms

25
symbiotic bacteria
Bacteria that live in close proximity an organism of another species involving benefit
26
unicellular
single celled organism/orgamism composed of 1 cell
27
what are bacteria
unicellular prokaryotic orgnisms (one cell, dont contain membrane bound organelles)
28
Do bacteria have a cell wall, if yes, what is it made up of
they have a cell wall made up of protein
29
Bacteria are divided based on their feeding mechanism. State the two categories bacteria can be divided into and explain why a bacterium may be place in each of the categories listed
autotrophes (make their own food)or hetertrophes (cannot make their own food)
30
What two catagories can Autotropic bacteria be split into
Photosynthetic (mkae their own food using light) Chemosynthetic (bacteria that make their own foos using chemicals)
31
What two catagories can hetertrophic bacteria be split into
Parasites(feed and reproduce inside a living host of different species causing harm) Saprophytes(feed on dead organic matter and return essential nutrients to the soil)
32
What are the three shapes of bacteria
Round, Rod, Sprial
33
describe the cell membrane in a bacteria cell
Selectively permeable, made up of protein and phosphohpid
34
describe the cell wall in a bacteria cell
made from protein
35
describe the circular chromosome in a bacteria cell
made of a circulr strand of DNA without a surrounding memebrane
36
What does the capsule in a bacteria cell do
provides additional protection
37
describe the plasmid in a bacteria cell
small DNA loops in the cytoplasm, responsible for antibiotic resistance
38
describe the Flagellumin a bacteria cell
founds in aquatic bacteria, used for mobility
39
What is the name given to how bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
40
Describe Binary Fission
DNA replicates.Cell elongtes.DNA moves to elongated membrane + cell divides. Two identical daughter cells produced.
41
How often do bacteria reproduce
every twenty minutes
42
describe the formation of a endospore
the bacterial chromosome replicates. New chromosome is enclosed by a tough endospore inside parent cell. Remains dormant and reactivate when favorble conditions return
43
List and explain the factors which effect the growth of bacteria
**Temperture**perforance of enzymes in bacteria are affected by temperture. If temperture is not optium for enzyme activity the bacteria will not grow **O2 concentration**growth of bacteria affected by the O2 present **PH** presence of enzymes in bacteria effected by PH **Solute concentrtion** osmosis. The bacteria can become dehydrated **Pressure**Bacteria can only grow under low pressure
44
Explain the Lag phase
Bacteri are adjusting to their new enviorment very little increase in bacteria numbers
45
Explain the Log phase
abundance food and space, bacteria begin to reproduce rapidily
46
Explain the Stationary phase
No. of bacteria reproducing = no. of bacteria dying as food and space becomes limited,build up of waste product
47
Explain the death phase
number if bacteria dying > number of bacteria reproducing, due to competition products and toxicity
48
Describe the survival phase
Endospore formation allows some spores to survive.Endospore: hard shell that will protect bacteria until conditions become favorable
49
List the advantages of bacteria
Drug production(antibiotics) Biodegration of waste
50
list the disatvantages of bacteria
Food spoilage Illness and disease
51
describe the differences between batch and continous processing
**Batch** * Fixed amount of reagents * added to bioreactor for fixed amount of time, fixed amount of product collected * goes through all stages until stationary, harvested until then * eg, bakery, making different types of bread **Continous** * reagents fed into bioreactor on ongoing bsis * products are collected as made * remains in the log phase (higher product yeild) * eg, Pfizer phamaceuticals, making antibiotics
52
List the advantages of Batch and continous processing
**Batch** can make a number of different products **Continous** can produce large quantities of a single product-leads to low energy consuption
53
List the disatvantages of Batch and continous processing
**Batch** system has to be shut down and cleaned in between products, time consuming and expensive. **Continous** Limited to one product only

Biology (33 decks)

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