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respiratory Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what are high flow oxygen devices

A

venturi mask
high flow nasal cannula

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2
Q

what are non invasive ventilation option

A

CPAP
BIPAP

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3
Q

what is CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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4
Q

What does CPAP do

A

delivers air at a single set level that stays constant during sleep

recommended for COPD

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5
Q

what is BIPAP

A

bilevel positive airway pressure

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6
Q

what does bipap do

A

two different pressure settings for inhale and exhale
inhale is constant set pressure
exhale is a lower constant set pressure

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7
Q

when is BIPAP used

A

more complex breathing problems such as central sleep apnea and heart/ lung/ neurons disorders that require additional support

CHF, COPD, parkinsons

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8
Q

Types of invasive ventilation

A

endotracheal tube
tracheostomy
mechanical ventilation

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9
Q

What causes high pressure alarms

A

client coughng
gagging
bronchospasm
Ett occlusion
kink in the tubing
increased secretions
thick secretions water in ventilation tube

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10
Q

What causes low pressure alarms

A

tubing is disconnected
loose connections
leak
extubation
cuffed ETT or trash is deflated
poorly fitting CPAP/BIPAP mask

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11
Q

What are some bronchodilators

A

Albuterol
theophylline
terbutaline
levosalbutamol
ipratropium

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12
Q

what is albuterol used for

A

COPD
asthma

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13
Q

considerations for using albuterol

A

heart disease
diabetes
glaucoma
seizures
causes tachycardia

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14
Q

Uses for terbutaline

A

rescue relief and maintenance for wheezing, SOB, and coughing caused by asthma

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15
Q

considerations for terbutaline

A

SE: shakiness, jitteriness, dizziness, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, CNS overstimulation
assess, HR, BP, EKG, blood glucose

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16
Q

how is terbutaline administered

A

orally, SC, or by inhaler every 4-6 hours more SE with oral administration

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17
Q

how do you use an inhaler

A

hold with mouthpiece down
seal lips tightly around mouth piece
inhale through the mouth slowly
press down on inhaler one time
continue inhaling while medication is dispensed
breath slowly and as deeply as possible
shake prior to use

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18
Q

What does montelukast help

A

rhinitis acute asthma flair ups

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19
Q

what is guaifenesin

A

an expectorant

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20
Q

what is acetylcysteine

A

mucolytic

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21
Q

what is pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

A

decongestant

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22
Q

name 2 antitussives

A

dextromethorphan
codeine

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23
Q

what are some respiratory steroids

A

betamethasone
dexamethasone
cortisone
methylprednisolone

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24
Q

When are steroids indicated

A

inflammation
allergy
autoimmune disorders

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25
what do steroids do
suppress inflammation and normal immune response
26
symptoms of too many steroids
cushings, buffalo hump
27
side effects of steroids
immunosuppresion hyperglycemia osteoporosis delayed wound healing
28
list a histamine 1 blocker
diphenhydramine
29
types of histamine 2 blockers
famotadine ranitidine
30
what do histamine 2 blockers do
block production of stomach acid
31
considerations for diphenhydramine
cns depression drowsiness
32
anticholinergic effects
urinary retention constipation dry mouth dry eyes
33
What is included in COPD
Emphysema chronic bronchitis asthma
34
what is COPD
lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breath
35
what is emphysema
destruction of alveoli due to chronic inflammation, decreased surface area of the alveoli
36
what is chronic bronchitis
chronic inflammation with a productive cost with excessive sputum
37
what is asthma
respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty in breathing
38
finding for COPD
Barrel chest accessory muscle use congestion lung sounds acidotic hypercarbic hypoxic
39
types of accessory muscle use
retractions nasal flaring tracheal tug
40
lung sounds in COPD
diminished crackles wheezes
41
Treatment of COPD
careful oxygen administration bronchodilators chest physiotherapy increased fluid intake pursed lip breathing to help expire completely small frequent meals to avoid overdistention of stomach
42
Asthma triggers
allergens sports/smoking temperature change hazards microbes anxiety
43
asthma assessment
short of breath unable to speak cough increased work of breathing wheezed prolonged expiration
44
treatment of acute exacerbation
adrenergic agonist (albuterol) steroids theophylline hydration mask of o2 anticholinergics
45
what is status asthmaticus
asthma attack that refractory to treatment leads to respiratory failure can progress to death
46
long term treatment for asthma
inhaled corticosteroids leukotreine modifiers theophylline allergen control
47
what is pneumonia
inflammation affecting the alveoli alveoli become filled with pus and liquid
48
Classifications of pneumonia
viral bacterial fungal chemical aspiratin aspiration
49
what can cause viral pneumonia
SRV adenovirus influenza
50
assessment of pneumonia
high fever cough tachypnea crackles chest pain work of breathing
51
treatment of pneumonia
maintain airway monitor breathing maintain circulation chest physiotherapy antipyretics analgesia cough suppressant expectorants ABX if bacterial isolation
52
what is ards
acute respiratory syndrome
53
What happens with ARDS
alveoli fill with fluid, gas impaired is exchanged, leads to respiratory acidosis, damage to lungs is irreversible
54
What causes ARDS
aspirational pneumonia near drowning sepsis trauma overdose burns
55
ARDS assessment findings
diffuse bilateral infiltrates hypoxemia
56
symptoms of hypoxemia
pale cool dusky mottled low spo2
57
Treatment of ARDS
treat trigger intubation and mechanical ventilation (high pressures) prone prevent barotrauma
58
What is a pulmonary embolism
blood clot in the lungs
59
what happens in pulmonary embolism
perfusion is decreased can lead to right hear failure if untreated
60
assessment of pulmonary embolism
anxiety dyspnea chest pain rales diaphoresis hemoptysis
61
Treatment of pulmonary embolism
oxygen administration high fowlers anticoagulants thrombolytics

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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