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pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

normal vitals for preterm

A

hr 120-180
rr 50-70
bp 40-60

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2
Q

vitals for newborn 0-1month

A

hr 100-160
rr 35-55
s bp 50-70

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3
Q

infant 1-12m vitals

A

hr 80-140
rr 30-40
s bp 70-100

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4
Q

vitals for toddler 1-3y

A

hr 80-130
rr 10-30
s bp 70-110

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5
Q

vitals for preschool 3-6y

A

hr 80-110
rr 20-30
s bp 80-110

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6
Q

school age vitals 6-12

A

hr 70-100
rr 18-24
s bp 80-120

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7
Q

adolescent vitals

A

hr 60-90
rr 14-22
s bp 100-120

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8
Q

what chromosomal abnormalities do heart defects usually occur with

A

trisomy 21
trisomy 18
turners syndrome
diverge syndrome

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9
Q

finding with congenital heart defects

A

murmers
tachycardia
diaphoresis
decreased uop
fatigue
pallor
cyanosis
clubbing
hypotension
prolonged cap refill

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10
Q

signs of left sided heart failure

A

tachypnea
dyspnea
grunting
retractions
nasal flaring
cough
wheezing

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11
Q

signs of right sided heart failure

A

weight gain
enlarged liver
edema
ascites
jvd

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12
Q

What is ductus arteriousus

A

opening between pulmonary artery and aorta present in fetal circulation

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13
Q

interventions for ductus arteriousus

A

surgical interventions
repair vs palliation
cardiac assist device
pharmacologic interventions

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14
Q

pharmacology interventions for ductus arteriousus

A

digoxin
ace-inhibitors
diuretics
beta-blockers

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15
Q

What is alprostadil

A

medication that can be administered to keep the PDA open in certain heart defects
allows blood to get out to the body

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16
Q

what is tetralogy of fallot

A

congenital malformation involving four listing heart defects:
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
overriding aorta

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17
Q

What are TET spells

A

hypoxia occurring in TOF

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18
Q

what happens during a tet spell

A

begins wit irritability and hyperpnea followed by intense cyanosis leading to syncope
drop in systemic vascular resistance decreasing pulmonary blood flow
right to left shunting more deoxygenated blood out of body

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19
Q

get spell interventions

A

comfort and calm
knee to chest position
supplemental oxygen
morphia-sedation
volume

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20
Q

Treatment of TOF

A

mild can go home until ready for surgery
if critical with severe hypoxia surgery required in neonatal period
ideally repaired around 6m

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21
Q

what is coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a constriction of the descending aorta

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22
Q

upper body finding is coartication of the aorta

A

bounding pulses
hypertensive
warm
pink

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23
Q

findings in lower extremities for cortication of the aorta

A

weak or absent pulses
hypotensive
pale
cool

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24
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries

A

a switch of the aorta and pulmonary artery

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25
What is hypo plastic left heart sydrome
disorder including 4 components mitral stenosis atresia aortic stenosis coarctation hypo plastic left ventricle
26
complications of cleft lip
feeding difficulties weight loss failure to thrive speech and language delays hearing issues ear infections aspiration
27
When does surgical correction of cleft lip and palate take place
lip 3-6m palate 6-24m
28
post of care of cleft lip and palate
position upright for feedings never prone for cleft lip (rip stitches) protect sutures elbow restrains to avoid putting things in mouth no hard foods, straws or pacifiers no oral or nasal suctioning
29
how to feed cleft lip and palat
specialized bottle small frequent feedings upright position burp frequently may take longer monitor for aspiration
30
What is tracheoesphageal fistula
congenital abnormality in which there Is an opening between the trachea and esophagus
31
what is esophageal atesia
part of esophagus does not form
32
What is pyloric stenosis
hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus wit a severe narrowing of the lumen
33
signs of pyloric stenosis
vomiting dehydration malnutrition payable pylorus
34
What is omphalocele
abdominal contents protrude through the umbilicus while in peritoneal sack occurs at 9-10 weeks gestation
35
assessment for omphalocele
visible defect may also have cardiac defects can affect lung sized
36
complications if omphalocele
hypthermia dehydration sepsis
37
What is intussusception
part of the intestine slips inside the other intestine occurs where small intestine and large intestine meet
38
assessment finding intussusception
red currant jelly stools cyclical abdominal pain nausea vomiting green, bilious emesis sausage shaped mass in abdomen
39
Treatment of intussusception
enema to push the intestine back out surgery
40
What is epiglottitis
inflammation of epiglottis restricts airway haemophilus influenza type b
41
4 d's of epiglottitis
dysphagia dysphonia drooling distress
42
finding of epiglottitis
fever difficulty swallowing drooling stridor tripoding no cough change in loc cherry red epiglottis
43
interventions for epiglottitis
iv ABX humidified O2 intubation and ventilation keep child calm no interventions until airway secure tripod position avoid supine HIB vaccine NPO
44
what do you avoid with epiglottitis
irritating the throat no tongue depressor no oral thermometer no assessing throat
45
characteristics of bronchilitis
most common under 2y seasonal illness usually caused by rev contagious worst on days 4-6
46
finding in bronchilitis
cough fever increased work of breathing wet lungs hypoxia changes in behavior
47
interventions for bronchiolitis
o2 fluid and nutrition antipyretics analgesics
48
What is cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive disorder leads to excessive buildup of mucus in airways leads to airway obstructive
49
respiratory signs of cystic fibrosis
excess mucus frequent respiratory infections hypoxemia -clubbing -cyanosis -barrel chest
50
gastrointestinal signs of cystic fibrosis
intestinal obstruction meconium ileus large, bulky frothy, foul smelling stool fat soluble vitamin deficiency diabetes
51
integumentary signs of cystic fibrosis
salty tasting sweat elevated chloride in sweat
52
how to promote nutrition and growth in cystic fibrosis
high calorie high protein diet increased fluid intake monitor serial weights pancreatic enzymes 30 minutes before every meal and snack -spinkle capsule on food -fat soluble vitamin replacement
53
What is eriksons infancy stage
trust VS mistrust birth to 18 months
54
what is Piaget 1st cognitive stage
sensorimotor birth to two years
55
What happens during sensorimotor development
knowledge gain through senses and motor movement learn through sucking grasping, looking, listening start to understand cause and effect object permanence at 9m
56
What is eriksons 2nd stage
early childhood autonomy vs shame and doubt
57
what is eriksons 3rd stage
preschool initiative vs guilt
58
what is eriksons 4th stage
school age industry vs inferiority
59
what is eriksons 5th stage
adolescence identify vs role confusion
60
what is erosions 6th stage
young adulthood intimacy vs isolation
61
what is eriksons 7th stage
middle adult generatively vs stagnation
62
what is eriksons 8th stge
maturity ego integrity vs despair
63
what Is Piagets 2nd stage
pre operational stage 2-7y
64
what is Piaget 3rd stage
concrete operational stage 7-11y
65
what is Piaget last stage
formal operational stage 12 and up
66
What can babies do at 3 months
make cooing noise smile emit disting cries for different needs recognize familiar voices express different pleasure vs displeasure sounds
67
What can babies do at six months
babble and repeat syllables creat gurgling sounds giggle and laugh notice and recognize words use voice to express pleasure or displeasure take turns making sound
68
what can 9 month olds do
imitate sounds actions and gestures recognize own name shift gaze to objects being talked about string together longer soudns
69
What can be done at 12 months
1-2 or more word sentence understand words, requests, phrases instructions answer simple questions nonverbally recognize words for familiar objects
70
What can be done at 18 months
speak with a vocabulary of 18+ words repeat words overheard recognize and point to familiar objects understand simple questions and follow directions point to body parts when prompted
71
car seat safety points
rear facing until 2 use 5 point harness retainer clip at armpit level shoulder straps at or below shoulder level
72
safe sleep requirements
use firm mattress with tight fitted sheet put on back to sleep pacifier may be ued avoid stiffened animals or blanket
73
What is included in autonomy 18m-3y
becoming potty trained choosing own clothes dressing self food choices allow for independence
74
what is meant by shame and doubt
punished for mistakes doubting the child when child isn't allowed to make independent choices failure in this stage leads to self doubt
75
what happens during pre operational stage
think symbolically but not able to use logic focus on one area of a situation struggles to see things from other perspectives use hands on activities and visual aids to help develop
76
What Can a child do at 2
use 2 word phrases to talk about things follow 2 step directions vocabulary of 50+ words can be understood by caregiver half the time uses gestures for pretend play make animal noises
77
What is meant by initiative
planning and accomplishing tasks allow child to make own choices set safe boundaries
78
what is meant by guilt
judgement criticism over dependence on others failure at this stage leads to a lack of confidence and feeling of gult

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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