respiratory system

Question 1

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

• breathing air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

gaseous exchange

Answer 2

• external respiration
• internal respiration

Question 3

external respiration

Answer 3

• gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2
• between the lungs and blood

Question 4

Internal respiration

Answer 4

• exchange of O2 and CO2
• between blood and muscle/tissues

Question 5

cellular respiration

Answer 5

• occurs in mitochondria
• O2 is used to breakdown glucose into Co2 & H20
• during aerobic respiration

Question 6

Inspiration - rest and exercise muscles

Answer 6

• external intercostals
• diaphragm

Question 7

inspiration - exercise only muscles

Answer 7

• sternocleidomastoid
• scalenes

Question 8

Expiration - when active

Answer 8

• only during exercise

Question 9

expiration muscles - at rest (relaxing)

Answer 9

• diaphragm
• external intercostals

Question 10

exportation muscles - exercise only

Answer 10

• internal intercostals
• rectus abdominus

Question 11

Mechanics of respiration

Answer 11

• named muscles (contracting or relaxing)
• movement (ribs, sternum, abdomen)
• causing thoracic cavity volume to change
• lung air pressure changes
• inspiration or exportation

Question 12

Mechanics of breathing : inspiration at rest

Answer 12

• active
• diaphragm contract
• external intercostals contract
• ribs move upwards & outwards
• volume thoracic cavity increase
• lung air pressure decreases
• inspiration = tidal volume

Question 13

Mechanics of breathing : exportation at rest

Answer 13

• passive
• external intercostals relax
• diaphragm relax
• diaphragm pushed up
• ribs pulled down and in
• volume of thoracic cavity decreases
• lung air pressure increases
• exportation

Question 14

Mechanics of breathing : inspiration during exercise

Answer 14

• diaphragm contract with more force
• external intercostals contract with more force
• sternocleidomastoid contract
• scalenes contract
• ribs and thoracic cavity move further up and out
• volume of thoracic cavity increases further
• lung air pressure decreased further
• more air rushes in
• greater tidal volume / depth of breathing

Question 15

Mechanics of breathing : expiration during exercise

Answer 15

• active
• diaphragm relaxes
• external intercostals relaxes
• internal intercostals contract
• rectus abdominus contact
• diaphragm pushed up
• ribs pulled down and in quicker
• volume of thoracic cavity decreased quicker
• air pressure in lungs increases quicker
• more air is forced out
• increased frequency of breathing