Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

a level p.e > cardio vascular system > Flashcards

cardio vascular system Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

vascular shunt mechanism

A
  • redistribution of of cardiac output around the body
  • this is from rest to exercise
  • which increases the percentage of blood flow to the skeletal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vascular shunt mechanism at rest

A
  • 80% Q to active organs
  • 20% Q to active muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is vascular shunt the way it is at rest

A
  • organs are active at rest
  • inactive muscles don’t need increased oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vascular shunt during exercise

A

80 % Q to active muscles
20 % Q to active organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why does vascular shunt get distributed at exercise

A
  • active muscles need more oxygen during exercise
  • inactive muscles do not need more oxygen
  • organs can temporarily cope with less oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the vascular shunt mechanism redistribute Q

A
  • using vasomotor control centre
  • arterioles of active muscles vasodilate
  • pre capillary sphincters of active muscles dilate
  • arterioles of organs and inactive muscles vasoconstrict
  • PCS of organs and inactive muscles constrict

net effect = more oxygen redistributed to active muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

arterioles structure

A

thick middle layer
smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

arterioles function

A

vasodilation (widen)
vasoconstriction (narrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

arterioles affect

A

increases or decreases distribution of Q to organs or muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pre capillary sphincters (PCS) structure

A

ring of smooth muscle at entry into capillary networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PCS function

A

constrict (narrow)
dilate (widen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PCS affect

A

increase or decrease distribution of Q to organs or muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

venous return

A

venous/deoxygenated blood returning to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is dependent on venous return

A

stroke volume (starlings law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VR mechanisms

A

skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump
pocket valves
gravity
smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

skeletal muscle pump (VR)

A

squeezes veins situated between muscles aiding vr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

respiratory pump

A

high to low pressure in thoracic cavity to abdominal pump during breathing aiding vr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pocket valves

A

prevents backfllow of blood aiding vr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gravity

A

blood above the heart aids vr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

smooth muscle

A

veno -constrict / veno dilate helping vr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does an increase in vr affect quality of performance

A

> VR =
SV/Q =
O2 muscle transport =
net effect > exercise intensity or for
anaerobic work < fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does a decrease in VR affect performance quality

A

< VR
<SV/Q
<O2 muscle transport
net effect : < exercise intensity or anaerobic < fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the VR need to push blood back towards the heart

A

pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens if VR has insufficient pressure

Study These Flashcards
A

blood will sit/ pool within the pocket valve of veins

25
blood pooling
feeling of ‘heavy legs’
26
how does blood pooling occur
- the increased cardiac output sent to the muscles pools without sufficient pressure to return it to the heart
27
during rest - what mechanisms are sufficient enough to maintain VR
- pocket valves - gravity - smooth muscle
28
during or immediately after exercise, what mechanisms does VR need to ensure it’s maintained
- skeletal pump - respiratory pump
29
how can we maintain the muscle and respiratory mechanisms after exercise has stopped
active cool down
30
what maintains the respiratory pump
an elevated respiration rate
31
what maintains the effect of the muscle pump
continued skeletal muscle contractions
32
which 2 VR mechanisms are the lost important to help maintain VR
respiratory pump skeletal muscle pump - they redistribute cardiac output and prevent blood pooling
33
where is the autonomic nervous system in the brain
medulla oblongata
34
neural systems
baroreceptors proprioreceptors chemoreceptors
35
baroreceptors
increase stretch receptors, lungs and increases blood pressure
36
proprioreceptors
increases motor movement
37
chemoreceptors
increases ppCO2 decreases O2 decreases pH
38
intrinsic system
- increases VR - increases temperature
39
hormonal system
adrenaline
40
3 systems of ANS
intrinsic hormonal neural
41
vaso motor control center role 1
- to stimulate arterioles and pre capillary sphincters supplying organs to vasoconstrict
42
vaso motor control center - role 2
- stop stimulating those supplying muscles, causing them to vaso dilate - increasing Q to active muscles - decreasing Q to non essential organs
43
44
what are venous return mechanisms for
maximizing blood flow to the heart - preventing dizziness and maintaining blood pressure
45
how does smooth muscle aid venous return
- smooth muscle in walls of of veins contract aiding movement of blood
46
when the respiratory pump aids venous return what happens to breathing
- breathing caused a pressure difference between the thoracic chest cavity and abdominal cavity
47
how do muscle and respiratory pumps cause changes to venous return during exercise
- more frequent muscular contractions and more deeper breathing causes vr to increase
48
how do muscular and respiratory pumps cause changed to venous return during recovery
less frequent forceful muscular contractions and deeper breathing so vr decreases
49
50
what does a cool down maintain to aid venous return
- respiratory pump - skeletal muscle pump - VR - SV/Q - Blood flow
51
how does the vascular shunt mechanism distribute blood when exercise begins
vasomotor control vasodilation vasoconstriction constriction dilation
52
why does the vascular shunt mechanism redistribute blood during exercise
- muscles of upper body need less oxygen - less oxygen needed at organs which can cope with a temporary reduction in blood
54
now does an increase in vr affect the quality of an athletes performance
increased volume of blood entering heart - walls of atria stretch - stimulates sa node to increase heart rate - causes walls of ventricles to stretch - caused stronger force of contraction - increasing sv/hr/q
55
how does the vasomotor control system help redistribution of blood
pass on messages about where blood is needed
56
What does an active cool down remove
- lactic acid - CO2
57
what does an active cool down prevent to aid VR
blood pooling
58
Passive cool down
- performer stops immediately after exercise with no active movement
59
What does a passive cool down lead to
blood pooling
60
Why does blood pooling occur in a passive cool down
- blood sits in pocket valves with unsufficient pressure to return to heart - decreased VR and SV/Q - decreased recovery

a level p.e (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions