Social facilitation Flashcards
(33 cards)
1
Q
social facilitation
A
- the influence of the presence of others on performance
- which may help or inhibit performance
2
Q
social facilitation <3
A
- an increase in performance
- due to the presence of others who may be watching/competing
3
Q
social facilitation - example
A
- a footballer scoring a penalty in the presence of others
4
Q
social inhibition
A
- a decrease in performance
- due to the presence of others who may be watching or competing
5
Q
social inhibition - example
A
- a basketballer misses a free throw in the presence of others/supporters/teammates
6
Q
effects of audience on performance
A
- introverts/extroverts
- beginners/experts
- simple/complex skills
- gross/fine skills
7
Q
effect of an audience on introverts
A
- an introvert has an RAS that is sensitive to external stimuli
- so will become over-aroused easily
- so an audience has an inhibiting effect on performance
8
Q
effect of an audience on extroverts
A
- has an RAS that is not sensitive to external stimuli
- will not become over-aroused easily
- so an audience has a facilitating effect on their performance
9
Q
effect of an audience on experts
A
- an audience will increase arousal levels of performer
- dominant response is likely to occur
- this is correct for autonomous performers
- performance is likely to be facilitated by an audience
10
Q
effect of an audience on beginners
A
- an audience will increase arousal levels
- dominant response is likely to occur
- this is incorrect in cognitive performers
- so performance is likely to be inhibited by an audience
11
Q
the effect of an audience on simple skills
A
- a simple skill had a low perceptual load
- an audience will not cause overload
- an audience will facilitate the performance of simple skills
12
Q
the effect of an audience on complex skills
A
- a complex skill has a high perceptual load
- an audience may cause overload
- an audience may inhibit the performance of complex skills
13
Q
effect of an audience on gross skills
A
- gross skills involve large muscle groups
- with little emphasis on precision
- an increase in arousal by an audience will facilitate the performance of gross skills
14
Q
effect of an audience on fine skills
A
- fine skills use small muscle groups
- with little emphasis on precision
- so an increase in arousal by an audience will inhibit the performance of fine skills
15
Q
Evaluation apprehension (Cottrell 1968)
A
- an increase in arousal due to the perception that your performance is being judged or evaluated in some way
- rise in arousal = evaluation apprehension
- this may cause an athlete to ‘choke’
16
Q
other causes of social facilitation and inhibition
A
- home advantage effect
- proximity effect
- distraction conflict theory
17
Q
home advantage effect
A
- home crowds provide home team with an advantage
- the larger the audience the greater the effect
18
Q
proximity effect
A
- the closer the audience
- the greater the facilitation / inhibition
19
Q
distraction conflict theory
A
- attention can only be given to a limited number of cues
- spectators demand the same attention as the sports situation
- simple tasks are performed best in front of an audience and more complex skills are impaired
20
Q
strategies to minimise social inhibition - managing arousal
A
- mental rehearsal
- positive self talk
21
Q
mental rehearsal
A
- picturing the physical skill in the mind
- to combat cognitive anxiety
22
Q
positive self talk
A
negative thought stopping
23
Q
strategies to minimise social inhibition - forming a positive dominant response
A
- practice
- cue utilisation
24
Q
practice - forms positive dominant response
A
to overlearn or groove the skill
25
cue utilisation
- make performer aware of the link between arousal and effective concentration
26
strategies to minimise social inhibition - increasing confidence
- positive reinforcement
- attribution
- build self efficacy
27
positive reinforcement
social support from coaches or teammates
28
attribution
- attributing success to internal factors
- such as coping with the crowd
29
building self efficacy
- by verbal persuasion
- reminding of previous success when performing in front of an audience
30
strategies to minimise social inhibition - coping with distractions from the audience
- practice
- selective attention
31
practice - coping with distraction from in audience
- in front of an audience
- desensitising performer
32
selective attention
- practice focusing on relevant cues
- blocking out the audience
33
