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Anatomy > Respiratory and Digestive System > Flashcards

Respiratory and Digestive System Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

nostrils

A

external nares

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2
Q

internal region of nose lined with ciliated mucus-secreting cells

A

nasal cavity

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3
Q

partition between nasal cavities, composed of ethmoid bone, perpendicular plate, vomer and cartilage

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

ethmoid bones lined with mucosa, specialized to filter, warm and moisten inspired air

A

turbinate bones (conchae)

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5
Q

funnel-like passageway between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

A

choanae (internal nares)

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6
Q

region that joins the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus, common pathway for food and air

A

pharynx

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7
Q

upper portion of the pharynx that begins at the choanae and ends at the hard palate

A

nasopharynx

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8
Q

lymphatic tissue known as adenoids located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil

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9
Q

part of the pharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium that begins at the uvula and ends at the level of the hyoid bone

A

oropharynx

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10
Q

posterior portion of the roof of the mouth lacking bone

A

soft palate

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11
Q

posterior extension of the soft palate, elevates during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

A

uvula

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12
Q

paired lymph nodes positioned in the back of the throat

A

palatine tonsil

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13
Q

located posteriorly on the surface of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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14
Q

most inferior portion of the pharynx that continues from the level of the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage; posterior to the larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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15
Q

continuous with the trachea inferiorly, prevents food from entering lungs, also produce sound

A

larynx

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16
Q

largest and most anterior cartilage of larynx does not wrap around the trachea, only the anterior aspect

A

thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

extends around the entire trachea is small anteriorly and large posteriorly, connects thyroid cartilage to trachea inferiorly

A

cricoid cartilage

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18
Q

cartilage located superior to cricoid and posterior to thyroid cartilages, for attachment of vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilage

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19
Q

closes glottis upon swallowing to prevent food from entering respiratory track

A

epiglottis

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20
Q

structure of the larynx composed of the vocal folds and the space between them; the region of the larynx where sound is made

A

glottis

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21
Q

pair of mucosal folds extending across upper opening of larynx from thyroid to arytenoid carrilages; vibrate to produce sound

A

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

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22
Q

pair of horizontal mucosal folds superior to vocal folds; play no part in sound production

A

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

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23
Q

a large tube descending from the larynx, lined with ciliated pseudostratified solumnar epithelium, containing several cartilaginous rings

A

trachea

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24
Q

internal ridge formed by last tracheal cartilage maring division of trachea into bronchi; associated with cough reflex

A

carina

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25
series of branches that gradually get smaller from the trachea to the alveolar ducts
bronchial tree
26
first branch after the tracheal bifurcation
primary bronchi
27
second division, there are 3 on the right and 2 on the left for each lobe of the lungs
secondary bronchi
28
third division, there may be up to 20 more divisions before reaching the bronchioles
tertiary bronchi
29
slightly larger than the left lung, consists of superior, middle, and inferior lobes
right lung
30
smaller than the right lung, consists of superior and inferior lobes
left lung
31
depression of the left lung's medial border that accommodates the heart
cardiac notch
32
serous membrane intimately associated with the outer surface of the lung
visceral pleura
33
serous membrane that lines the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the superior portion of the diaphragm
parietal pleura
34
moistened, slit like space between visceral and parietal pleurae; reduces friction, prevents adhesion
pleural cavity
35
dome shaped muscle superior to the liver, moves inferiorly when contracted thereby increasing the thoracic volume for inspiration
diaphragm
36
paired nerve that innervates the diaphragm on each side to control rate of breathing
phrenic nerve
37
contraction elevates the ribs increasing capacity of thoracic cavity during inspiration
external intercostal muscles
38
aid in inspiration and also forced expiration
internal intercostal muscles
39
extends across inner surface of thoracic cage and inserts on ribs 2-6, helps depress the ribs
transversus thoracis
40
the mouth
oral cavity
41
lined with stratified squamous epithelium, contain the buccinator muscle
cheeks
42
the anterior, superior portion of the oral cavity
hard palate
43
irregular surface of the anterior hard palate
palatal rugae
44
lips
labia
45
a mucous membrane that attaches the lips to the gum both superiorly and inferiorly
labial frenulum
46
the space between the lips or cheeks and the gums
oral vestibule
47
full set consists of 32 individualized structures
teeth
48
four upper four lower anterior teeth each having ta single root, cutters
incisors
49
two upper, to lower teeth each having a single root, used to pierce and tear food
canines
50
four upper and four lower bicuspids each with roots, used for grinding food
premolars (bicuspids)
51
six upper and six lower teeth, the last of which are called wisdom teeth, two to three roots and four or five cusps, best teeth for grinding
molars
52
irreular chewing surface on molars and premolars that fit into the valleys of the opposite molars for crushing food
cusp
53
anchors the tooth by embedding in the alveoli of the mandible
root
54
sockets lined with connective tissue in which teeth are fastened
alveoli
55
the hardest structure found in the body, located on the outermost portion of the tooth
enamel
56
layer beneath the enamel of a tooth, comprises most of the mass of the tooth, between bone and enamel in terms of hardness
dentin
57
innermosst portion of the tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves
pulp
58
gums; surrounds the alveolar processes, continuous with the periodontal ligament, anchors the tooth in the socket
gingiva
59
tubuloalveolar structures which secrete saliva for digesting starches and lubricating oropharynx with mucus to enhance swallowing.
salivary glands
60
largest of these glands, located inferior and anterior to the external ear beneath the skin, become swollen following infestation with mumps virus
parotid salivary glands
61
this gland lies inferomedial to the body of the mandible
submandibular salivary gland
62
lies inferior to the tongue and anterior to the submandibular gland
sublinguinal salivary gland
63
serous membrane covering organs of the abdominal cavity, largest serous membrane in the body
visceral peritoneum
64
serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
parietal peritoneum
65
the space between the visceral and perieatal peritoneal membranes
peritoneal cavity
66
upper portion of the GI and respiratory tracts wehre food enters the esophagus
pharynx
67
a collapsed tube (when empty) located posterior to the trachea, empties into the stomach
esophagus
68
circular muscle at the juncture between the esophagus and stomach
cardiac (inferior esophageal) sphincter
69
the most distended part of the GI tract, stores food and converts it to chyme which is emptied into the small intestine
stomach
70
region of the stomach attached to the esophagus
cardiac region
71
the most superior portion of the stomach, touches the diaphragm
fundus
72
the major portion of the stomach, inferior to the fundus
body
73
the left convex margin of the stomach
greater curvature
74
mesentery which anchors greater curvature of the stomach to posterior abdominal wall, drapes over most of the abdominal organs
greater omentum
75
the right concave margin of the stomach
lesser curvature
76
extends from the inferior surface of the liver and attaches to the lesser curvature with the stomach's visceral peritoneum
lesser omentum
77
visible folds on the inner stomach which allow the walls to stretch
grastic rugae
78
the terminal portion of the stomach that leads to the duodenum
pyloric region
79
a circular muscle that controls transport of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
80
longest part of the GI tract, located between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve of the large intestine, responsible for digestion and absorption of food
small intestine
81
the fan-shaped fold of the peritoneum that suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall
mesentery proper
82
macroscopic folds in the small intestine which increase surface area to enhance nutrient absorption
plicae circulares
83
the c-shaped superior portion of the small intestine that receives bile from gallbladder and digestive enzymes form pancreas; measures 12 inches
duodenum
84
the middle portion of SI characterized by a relatively large lumen and increased number of plicae circulares; measures 8 feet
jejunum
85
terminal portion of the small intestine, contains numerous lymphatics in the walls; measures 12 feet
ileum
86
a sphincter located on the terminal end of the ileum that prohibits backflow of chyme into the small intestine
ileocecal valve
87
from ileocecal valve to anal canal, this part of GI tract absorbs water and electrolytes form the chyme and forms and expels the feces
Large intestine
88
an elargement of the LI on the right lower abdomen near the ileocecal valve
cecum
89
a worm like appendage on the cecum that contains lymphatic tissue
appendix
90
a shiny band of longitudinal muscle along the entire length of the LI for movement and feces
teniae coli
91
bulges in the wall of the LI caused by contraction of the teniae coli
haustra
92
fat accumulations on visceral peritoneum of LI
epiploic appendages
93
portion of the colon along the right side of the abdomen form the cecum to the level of the kidney
ascending colon
94
curvature of the colon on the right side of the abdomen near the liver
hepatic flexure
95
middle portion of the colon where it crosses the upper abdominal cavity
transverse colon
96
opposite of the hepatic flexure, the left curvature of the colon near the spleen
splenic flexure
97
the portion of the colon which descends the left side of the abdominal wall
descending colon
98
the S-shaped bend at the terminal end of the colon
sigmoid colon
99
6 inch portion of the Gi tract following the sigmoid colon, strong muscular contractions expel the feces
rectum
100
terminal inch of the LI following the rectum
anal canal
101
located within the walls of the anal canal, involuntary smooth muscle
internal anal sphincter
102
located outside the walls of the anal canal, composed of voluntary skeletal muscle
external anal sphincter
103
external opening of the anus
anus
104
a large organ located in the upper abdomen, inferior to the diaphragm, stores glycogen, detoxifies the blood synthesizes bile
liver
105
the largest lobe, on the right side
right lobe
106
intermediate size lob on the left side
left lobe
107
small lobe of the liver, part of the right lobe located next to the gallbladder
quadrate lobe
108
small lobe of the liver, part of the right lobe located deeper near the inferior vena cava
cuadate lobe
109
a ligament that seperates the left and right lobes and connects the liver to the diaphragm
falciform ligament
110
collects bile from the right side of liver
right hepatic duct
111
collects bile from the left side of liver
left hepatic duct
112
formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts; the duct through which bile from the liver moves to the cystic an common bile ducts
common hepatic duct
113
a muscular sac attached to the inferior aspect of the liver, stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
gallbladder
114
passage for bile from the gallbladder, meets with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
cystic ducts
115
the duct formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct; conveys bile to the duodenum
common bile duct
116
lobulated organ that lies horizontal and inferior to the stomach, secretes digestive enzymes, insulin and glucagon
pancreas

Anatomy (12 decks)

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