Special Senses

Question 1

consists of the auricle and external auditory meatus

Answer 1

external ear

Question 2

the pinna or fleshy part of the ear whose cartilaginous framework gives it shape fro capturing sound waves

Answer 2

auricle

Question 3

a tube approximately one inch long that directs sound waves from the external environment to the tympanic membrane

Answer 3

external auditory meatus

Question 4

contains the auditory ossicles and associated structures within the tympanic cavity

Answer 4

middle ear

Question 5

a membranous structure separating the middle and external ear, vibrates in response to sound waves

Answer 5

tympanic membrane

Question 6

three small bones of the middle ear that receive vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmit them to the oval window

Answer 6

auditory ossicles

Question 7

most lateral ossicle, the head of which is rounded, attached to the tympanic membrane

Answer 7

malleus

Question 8

middle ossicle, has a wide body and is “y” shaped

Answer 8

incus

Question 9

most medial ossicle that attaches to the oval window

Answer 9

stapes

Question 10

a skeletal muscle that runs along the auditory tube and inserts on the malleus, its action protets the hearing receptors of the inner ear by reducing possible movement of bone.

Answer 10

tensor tympani muscle

Question 11

membranous partition between the middle and inner ear to which the stapes wone attaches; relays soundwaves to the vestibular duct

Answer 11

vestibular (oval) window

Question 12

membranous partition covering a circular opening between the inner and middle ear and inferior to the oval window.

Answer 12

cochlear (round) window

Question 13

an elongated tube that joins the tympanic cavity of the middle ear with the nasopharynx; opening it equalizes the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane necessary for it to function properly, allows for easy passage of bacteria and infection thus earaches and sore throats go together frequently

Answer 13

auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 14

composed of a bony labyrinth cavity that houses the cochlea and vestibule

Answer 14

inner ear

Question 15

a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII that arises from the hair cells of the vestibule of the inner ear, transmits impulses of balance to the brain

Answer 15

vestibular nerve

Question 16

bony, tube-like structures connected to the vestibule with each canal lying in one of the three planes of space; respond to rotational movement and maintain balance

Answer 16

semicircular canals

Question 17

a spiral tube whose inner ear chamber is divided into three compartments

Answer 17

cochlea

Question 18

a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII that arises from the spiral organ of Corti which transmits impulses of hearing to the brain

Answer 18

cochlear nerve

Question 19

superior chamber of cochlea that receives sound waves from the oval window; filled with perilymph

Answer 19

scala vestibuli

Question 20

within the cochlea, this membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct

Answer 20

vestibular membrane

Question 21

inferior chamber of the cochlea filled with perilymph

Answer 21

scala tympani

Question 22

floor of cochlear duct, separates cochlear duct form scala tympani

Answer 22

basilar membrane

Question 23

fluid contained within the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani of the cochlea

Answer 23

perilymph

Question 24

the middle chamber of the cochlea filled with endolymph and contains the spiral organ of Corti, the fuctional unit for sensory response to sound vibrations

Answer 24

cochlear duct

Question 25

fluid contained in the cochlear duct

Answer 25

endolymph

Question 26

functional unit of hearing, located within the cochlear duct, contains cochlear hair cells and supporting cells

Answer 26

spiral organ of corti

Question 27

serve as sound receptors in the basilar membrane

Answer 27

cochlear hair cells

Question 28

located within the cochlear duct, associated with the tips of the hairs of the organ of corti

Answer 28

tectorial membrane

Question 29

composed primarily of skeletal muscle attached to the hyoid bone, it pushes food against the palate to turn it into a bolus

Answer 29

tongue

Question 30

connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

Answer 30

lingual frenulum

Question 31

provides a rough surface on the tongue for manipulating food, taste buds are intermingled with the papillae

Answer 31

papillae

Question 32

the smallest and the most numerous papillae found on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 32

filiform papillae

Question 33

intermediate size papillae scattered among the filiform papillae

Answer 33

fungiform papillae

Question 34

the largest of the papillae located on the back of the tongue

Answer 34

circumvallate papillae

Question 35

moveable eyelid bearing eyelashes to prevent objects from injuring the eye

Answer 35

palpebrae

Question 36

the muscle that elevates the upper eyelid, origin is the orbit

Answer 36

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 37

located within the upper and lower eyelids, secrete oily fluids that prevent the eyelids from sticking together

Answer 37

tarsal glands

Question 38

located superior and slightly lateral to the eye, secretes fluid (tears) that contains an enzyme that prevents infection

Answer 38

lacrimal gland

Question 39

several small ducts that drain lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal glands into the conjunctival sac of the upper eyelids

Answer 39

excretory lacrimal ductules

Question 40

fleshy elevation within the medial angle of the eye that produces a whitish secretion

Answer 40

caruncle

Question 41

tiny opening in the superior and inferior palpebrae at the outer edge of the medial angle; allows tears to drain from the eyes into the lacrimal canals

Answer 41

lacrimal punctum

Question 42

drain tears form medial angle of eye to nasolacrimal duct

Answer 42

lacrimal canals

Question 43

sac located in the medial orbital walls that receives lacrimal fluid directly form the lacrimal canals

Answer 43

lacrimal sac

Question 44

drains fluid form the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

Answer 44

nasolacrimal duct

Question 45

located beneath the levator palpebrae superioris; adducts, elevates, and medially rotates eye

Answer 45

superior rectus

Question 46

muscle that passes through the trochlea and inserts on the posterolateral surface of the eye; abducts, depresses and medially rotates eye. Innervated by trochlear nerve IV.

Answer 46

superior oblique

Question 47

a looplike structure on the inner, upper part of the orbit of the eye through which the superior oblique muscle passes.

Answer 47

trochlea

Question 48

muscle located on the medial side of the eye; adducts eye

Answer 48

medial rectus

Question 49

muscle located on the inferior part of the eye; adducts, depresses and laterally rotates eye

Answer 49

inferior rectus

Question 50

muscle located on the inferior side of eye; abducts, elevates and laterally rotates eye

Answer 50

inferior oblique

Question 51

muscle located on the lateral side of the eye; abducts eye. Innervated by abducens nerve VI

Answer 51

lateral rectus

Question 52

outermost, white layer of the eye

Answer 52

sclera

Question 53

a protective mucous membrane hat lines the inner surface of the eyelid and white outer surface of the eye

Answer 53

conjunctiva

Question 54

the transparent fibrous covering of the anterior portion of the eye, allows light to enter eye

Answer 54

cornea

Question 55

the middle layer of the wall of the eye, containing blood vessels that supply the other avascular layers of the eye

Answer 55

choroid

Question 56

the enlarged anterior portion of the choroid that contains smooth muscle and attaches to and controls the shape of the lens by way of suspensory ligaments; posterior to the iris

Answer 56

ciliary body

Question 57

fibers that bridge between the ciliary muscle and the lens of the eye

Answer 57

ciliary zonules (suspensory ligament)

Question 58

colored, smooth muscular extension of the choroid that regulates the diameter of the pupil

Answer 58

iris

Question 59

jagged margin between the photosensitive posterior region of the retina and the nonphotosensitive anterior region of the retina that covers ciliary body

Answer 59

ora serrata

Question 60

opening in anterior part of eye surrounded by iris; allows light to enter eye

Answer 60

pupil

Question 61

located posterior to the iris and pupil, refracts light, focuses visual objects on the fovea centralis and other part of the retina

Answer 61

lens

Question 62

sensory membrane located in the innermost layer of the wall of the eye, contains rods and cones for photoreception

Answer 62

retina

Question 63

area with an abundance of cones that surrounds the fovea centralis

Answer 63

macula lutea

Question 64

a small region in the retina where cones are concentrated for highly efficient vision, located in the center of the macula lutea

Answer 64

fovea centralis

Question 65

region of the eye where the optic nerve enters and photoreceptors are absent, known as the "blind spot"

Answer 65

optic disc

Question 66

transmits impulses form the retina to the brain

Answer 66

optic nerve II

Question 67

the portion of the anterior segment located between the iris and the cornea, filled with aqueous humor

Answer 67

anterior chamber

Question 68

the portion of the anterior segment located between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humor

Answer 68

posterior chamber

Question 69

fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers, this fluid helps maintain intraocular pressure

Answer 69

aqueous humor

Question 70

the posterior segment of the eye located between the posterior side of the lens and retina, filled with vitreous humor

Answer 70

vitreous chamber

Question 71

viscous fluid that fills the vitreous chamber of the eye, provides intraocular pressure

Answer 71

vitreous humor