Respiratory Dev.- Severson Flashcards Preview

CRRAB II- FINAL > Respiratory Dev.- Severson > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiratory Dev.- Severson Deck (39)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What cells are responsible for secreting pulmonary surfactant?

A

Type II alveolar cells

2
Q

When does pulmonary surfactant BEGIN to form in the fetus?

A

20 weeks

3
Q

When does pulmonary surfactant become SUFFICIENCY for a baby to survive?

A

24 weeks (says his practice questions)

26-28 (says his handout)

4
Q
Where do 
Clara cells
Goblet cells
Type 1 pneumocytes and 
Type 2 pneumocytes develope from?
A

The epithelial component of the lung bud (respiratory diverticulum)

5
Q

Congenital Lung cysts

A

formed by a dilation of terminal bronchioles due to a disturbance in bronchial development during late fetal life

Lungs have a honeycomb appearance

6
Q

The lungs at birth are half inflated with liquid. What gives rise to this liquid?

A

Lung tissues

7
Q

Describe the respiratory/laryngotracheal diverticulum

A

an endodermal outgrowth in the floor of the foregut

8
Q

Where do the primitive pleural cavities originate from?

A

Pericardiperitoneal canals

9
Q

Hyaline membrane disease (Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

A

Caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant

injury to alveolar wall results in protein and fiberous rich exudation

10
Q

What cells give rise to the cartilages of the larynx?

A

Neural crest mesenchyme!!!

11
Q

Where does bronchial smooth muscle, cartilage in the bronchi, and pulmonary connective tissue arise from?

A

splanchnic mesenchyme

12
Q

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

13
Q

What does laryngeal cartilage arise from?

A

Neural crest mesenchyme (ectoderm) of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

14
Q

Describe the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Type 1- 97% of alveolar surface. Line the alveoli. Squamous and THIN! Good for gas exchange

Type 2- secrete pulmonary surfactant

NOTE* Type II can serve as precuroses to Type 1 and other Type 2 cells. They proliferate during lung damage!!
HOW NEAT!

15
Q

What part of the developing embryo does the respiratory diverticulum come from?`

A

Endoderm

16
Q

What do the primitive pleural cavities originate from?

A

Pericardioperitoneal canals

17
Q

Transesophageal fistula is frequently associated with what in regards to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal atresia = blind ending of esophagus, continues off the trachea

18
Q

What causes eventration of the diaphragm?

A

Failure of cervical myotomes to migrate into the transverse septum

19
Q

What causes oligohydraminos?

A

Bilateral renal agenesis (lack of urine production reduces the amount of amniotic fluid)

20
Q

What 2 things may lung hypoplasia be associated with?

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Oligohydraminos

21
Q

When do most of our mature alveoli develop?

A

Birth to age 8

22
Q

What can you give in pregnancy to accelerate fetal lung development?

A

Glucocorticoids

23
Q

What respiratory components arise from endoderm?

A

Epithelium and glands

of larynx, trachea, bronchi and pulmonary epithelium

24
Q

What things arise from splanchnic mesenchyme?

A

Connective tissue
Smooth muscle (endothelial cells)
Cartilage

25
Q

Where does splanchnic mesenchyme come from?

A

Myoblasts of 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

26
Q

Lungs at birth are 1/2 inflated with liquid, what gives rise to this liquid?

A

lung tissue

27
Q

If an infant has a tracheoesophageal fistula, will you likely see polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios?

A

Polyhydramnios

28
Q

Eventration of the diaphragm results from what?

A

Failure of cervical myotomes to migrate into transverse septum

29
Q

What is ectopic cordis a result of?

A

Faulty development of sternum and pericardium
(secondary to incomplete fusion of lateral folds)

…so the heart is outside of the thorax!

30
Q

What forms the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

Septum Transversum!

31
Q

When is do the alveoli completely mature?

A

Alveolar period of lung maturation = late fetal period to 8 years old

32
Q

Describe the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Type 1- 97% of alveolar surface. Line the alveoli. Squamous and THIN! Good for gas exchange

Type 2- secrete pulmonary surfactant

NOTE* Type II can serve as precuroses to Type 1 and other Type 2 cells. They proliferate during lung damage!!
HOW NEAT!

33
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Results from abnormal partitioning by the tracheoesophageal septus producing abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus

34
Q

What condition is most likely to be seen with a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Polyhydramnios = amniotic fluid accumulates

35
Q

Transesophageal fistula is frequently associated with what in regards to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal atresia = blind ending of esophagus, continues off the trachea

36
Q

What causes eventration of the diaphragm?

A

Failure of cervical myotomes to migrate into the transverse septum

37
Q

What embryonic conditions leads to ectopic cordis?

A

Heart is found outside body

Fault development of the sternum and pericardium, secondary to incomplete fusion of the lateral folds

38
Q

What can lead to the absence of the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A

The transverse septum failed to develope

39
Q

Infant has left hypoplastic lung and herniation of abdominal intestines into the left thoracic cavity…. what failed to develop?

A

Pleuroperitoneal membrane