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PHARMACOLOGY > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Parts of upper respiratory tract

A

NARES
NASAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
LARYNX

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2
Q

Parts of lower respi tract

A

TRACHEA
BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI

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2
Q

Movement of air from atmosphere thru upper & lower airways to the alveoli

A

VENTILATION

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3
Q

Process where gas exchange occurs at alveolar-capillary membrane

A

RESPIRATION

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3
Q

3 phases of respiration

A

VENTILATION
PERFUSION
DIFFUSION

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4
Q

Types of upper respiratory infections (URIs)

A

COMMON COLD
ACUTE RHINITIS
SINUSITIS
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
ALLERGIC RHINITIS

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4
Q

Most prevalent URI. Caused by rhinovirus.

A

COMMON COLD

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5
Q

Acute inflammation of mucous membranes of nose

A

ACUTE RHINITIS

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6
Q

Inflammation of mucous membranes: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses

A

SINUSITIS

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7
Q

“Sore throat” / Inflammation of the throat

A

ACUTE PHARYNGITIS

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8
Q

“Hay fever”. Caused by pollen or foreign substances

A

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

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8
Q

Drugs used to manage cold symptoms (Upper respiratory infections)

A

ANTIHISTAMINES
DECONGESTANTS
ANTITUSSIVES
EXPECTORANTS

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9
Q

H1 antagonists. Prevents histamine response

A

ANTIHISTAMINES

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10
Q

2 Types of Histamine Receptors

A

H1 & H2

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11
Q

2 Classifications of Antihistamines

A

FIRST GEN & SECOND GEN

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12
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

Causes drowsiness & increased anticholinergic symptoms. It can cross BBB

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13
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

Non-drowsy. Can’t cause BBB

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14
Q

Example of 1st Gen Antihistamine

A

DIPHENHYDRAMINE (Benadryl)
PROMETHAZINE
CHLORPHENIRAMINE

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15
Q

Example of 2nd Gen Antihistamine

A

CETIRIZINE
LORATADINE
AZELASTINE

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16
Q

Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors that results to vasoconstriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa

A

DECONGESTANTS

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17
Q

Examples of Decongestants

A

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
PHENYLEPHRINE

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18
Q

Example of Glucocorticoids

A

BECLOMETHASONE
FLUTICASONE
DEXAMETHASONE

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19
Q

Acts on the cough-control center in medulla to suppress cough reflex

A

ANTITUSSIVES

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20
Q

3 Types of Antitussives

A

OPIOID
NON-OPIOID
COMBINATION

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21
Antitussive Drugs
BENZONATATE CODEINE DEXTROMETHORPHAN
22
Loosens bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing
EXPECTORANTS
23
Examples of Expectorants
GUAIFENESIN DEXTROMETHORPHAN
24
Best natural expectorant
HYDRATION
25
Sensors that are stimulated by changes in gases and ions
CHEMORECEPTORS
25
cAMP
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
25
It is inhibited by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Methyl xanthine group permits this to operate
cAMP
26
Pulmonary enzyme that inhibits cAMP from functioning
PHOSPHODIESTERASE
27
It is caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (COPD)
28
Types of COPD
Chronic Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Emphysema Asthma
29
Inflammatory disorder of the airway wall associated w/ varying amount of airway secretion
ASTHMA
29
Decrease in total lung capacity that results in fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung
RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
29
Medications for COPD
Sympathomimetics (adrenergic) Methyl Xanthine Glucocorticoids Leukotriene Modifiers Cromolyn Expectorants Mucolytics Antibiotics
29
Drugs given for bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD. It increases cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles.
SYMPATHOMIMETICS: Alpha- and Beta2- Adrenergic Agonists
29
Examples of Sympathomimetic drugs
1. EPINEPHRINE: nonselective sympathomimetic 2. Albuterol: selective beta2-adrenergic agonist
29
Sympathomimetics used for acute asthmatic attacks
SHORT ACTING
29
Sympathomimetics used for maintenance
LONG ACTING
29
It inhibits the actions of acetylcholine by blocking muscarinic receptors
ANTICHOLINERGICS
30
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD
TIOTROPIUM
30
Anticholinergic Drugs
1. TIOTROPIUM 2. IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE
30
Adenosine receptor antagonist that stimulates CNS, respiration, dilate coronary & pulmonary vessels
METHYLXANTHINE DERIVATIVES
30
Methylxanthine Drugs
THEOPHYLLINE AMINOPHYLLINE CAFFEINE
30
It relaxes smooth muscle of bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels by prohibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase
AMINOPHYLLINE-THEOPHYLLINE
30
Blocks leukotriene cells and other chemical mediators that cause bronchoconstriction
LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST / LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS
30
Examples of Leukotriene Receptors Antagonists
ZAFIRLUKAST ZILEUTON MONTELUKAST
30
Drugs used to treat respiratory disorders, particularly asthma. These drugs have an antiinflammatory action and are indicated if asthma is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy or if the patient has an asthmatic attack while on maximum doses of theophylline or an adrenergic drug.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
30
Drug that has synergistic effect when given with a beta 2 agonist
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
31
Prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma and is a mast cell stabilizer
CROMOLYN
32
CROMOLYN
Mast cell stabilizer
32
This drug does not have bronchodilator properties but it inhibits release of histamine & other inflammatory mediators from mast cells
CROMOLYN
32
Classify the Drug: ACETYLCYSTEINE
MUCOLYTIC
32
Agents that act as detergents to liquefy & loosed thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated
MUCOLYTICS
32
Classify the Drug: ALBUTEROL
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
32
Classify the Drug: DEXAMETHASONE
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
32
Classify the Drug: ZAFIRLUKAST
LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIER
32
Classify the Drug: ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE
SYMPATHOMIMETIC-BETA 2 ADRENERGIC
32
Classify the Drug: EPINEPHRINE
NONSELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC
33
This nonselective sympathomimetic drug is given In an acute bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis from an allergic reaction. It is an alpha1, beta1, and beta2 agonist—is given subcutaneously to promote bronchodilation and elevate blood pressure
EPINEPHRINE
34
It is administered in emergency situations to restore circulation and increase airway patency
EPINEPHRINE

PHARMACOLOGY (11 decks)

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