Respiratory Failure

Question 1

What’s respiratory failure?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the categories of respiratory failure?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the clinical hallmarks of respiratory failure?

Answer 3

Question 4

Contrast hypoxemia and hypercapnia resp. Failure

Answer 4

Question 5

What is arterial hypoxemia?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the A-a gradient?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the causes of arterial hypoxemia?

Answer 7

Question 8

What’s the impact of a high altitude on A-a?

Answer 8

Question 9

Discuss hypoventilation on A-a

Answer 9

Question 10

Discuss V/Q mismatch

Answer 10

Question 11

Discuss intrapulmonary shunt

Answer 11

Question 12

What’s the response to inspired air O2?

Answer 12

Question 13

How can acute asthma affect V/Q?

Answer 13

Question 14

How can thromboembolic disease affect hypoxemia ?

Answer 14

Question 15

How does presence of massive parenchyma disease affect hypoxemia?

Answer 15

Question 16

Discuss hypoxemia with hypercapnia

Answer 16

Question 17

What does PaCO2 depend on?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the causes of hypercapnia?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the possible sites of respiratory failure due to ventilatory pump failure?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the examples of hypoventilation?

Answer 20

Question 21

How can neurological deficits cause hypoventilation ?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are the features of hypercapnia?

Answer 22

Question 23

How can ABG help differentiate hypoxemia with acute vs chronic respiratory acidosis?

Answer 23

Question 24

How can respiratory failure of hypoxemic but normacwpnic type?

Answer 24

Question 25

What’s ARDS/ALI?

Answer 25

Question 26

How can we diagnose ALI?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the causes/predisposing conditions of ARDS?

Answer 27

Question 28

Discuss the pathophysiology of ARDS

Answer 28

Question 29

Classify hypoxia based on oxygen transport

Answer 29